GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Prepared by:
Lopez, Mary Koleene C.
Ylagan, Nino Emmanuelle B.
What is Global Warming?
 Global Warming

•Global Warming refers to the upward temperature trend

across the entire Earth since the early 20th Century ,and
the most notably since the early 20th Century, and most n
otably since the late 1970’s.
• Due to the increase in fossil fuel emissions since the in
dustrial revolution
 Global Warming
Global warming refers to the effect on the climate of human acti
vities, in particular the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas)
and large-scale deforestation—activities that have grown enorm
ously since the industrial revolution, and are currently leading to
the release of about 7 billion ton of carbon as carbon dioxide int
o the atmosphere each year together with substantial quantities
of methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The
se gases are known as greenhouse gases
PRINCIPLE OF GLOBAL WARMING:
can be understood by considering the radiation energy from the
sun that warms the Earth’s surface and the thermal radiation fro
m the Earth and the atmosphere that is radiated out to space. M
any of the likely characteristics of the resulting changes in clima
te such as:
• More frequent heat waves,
• Increases in rainfall,
• Increase in frequency and
• Intensity of many extreme climate events
 HISTORY
The effect was first recognized by the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Fourier
in 1827.
A British scientist, John Tyndall around 1860 measured the absorption of
infrared radiation by carbon dioxide and water vapor and suggested that a
cause of the ice ages might be a decrease in the greenhouse effect of
carbon dioxide.
The planet is warming, from North Pole to South Pole. Globally, the mercury
is already up more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degree Celsius),
and even more in sensitive polar regions. The heat is not only melting
glaciers and sea ice, it’s also shifting precipitation patterns and setting
animals on the move.
 CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
Natural
• Release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands.
• Earth’s cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 4
0,000 years.
Man made
• Burning fossil fuels.
• Concentration of Green House gases like CO2, methane,nitrousoxide in th
e atmosphere.
• Deforestation
• Population explosion
What
What is
is Climate Change?
Climate Change?
 Climate Change

•Broad range of global phenomenon created predominantly by

burning fossil fuels which add heat-trapping gases to Earth’s at
mosphere.
• Change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a
change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards
and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric
carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
 EFFECTS
• Global temperature rise
• Warming ocean
• Shrinking ice sheets
• Glacial retreat
• Decreased snow cover
• Sea level rise
 CLIMATE CHANGE EVIDENCES
Global temperature rise
The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.62 degrees
Fahrenheit (0.9 degrees Celsius) since the late 19th century, a change drive
n largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into
the atmosphere.4 Most of the warming occurred in the past 35 years,
with the five warmest years on record taking place since 2010. Not only was
2016 the warmest year on record, but eight of the 12 months that make up th
e year — from January through September, with the exception of June — we
re the warmest on record for those respective months.
 CLIMATE CHANGE EVIDENCES
Warming oceans
The oceans have absorbed much of this increased heat, with the top 700
meters (about 2,300 feet) of ocean showing warming of more than
0.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1969.
Shrinking ice sheets
The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from
NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost an
average of 281 billion tons of ice per year between 1993 and 2016,
while Antarctica lost about 119 billion tons during the same time period.
The rate of Antarctica ice mass loss has tripled in the last decade.
 CLIMATE CHANGE EVIDENCES
Glacial retreat
Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in
the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa.
Decreased snow cover
Satellite observations reveal that the amount of spring snow cover in the
Northern Hemisphere has decreased over the past five decades and that the
snow is melting earlier
Sea level rise
Global sea level rose about 8 inches in the last century. The rate in the last
two decades, however, is nearly double that of the last century and is
accelerating slightly every year
 CLIMATE CHANGE EVIDENCES
Declining Arctic sea ice
Both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly over the
last several decades
Extreme events
Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in
the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa.
The number of record high temperature events in the United States has been
increasing, while the number of record low temperature events has been
decreasing, since 1950. The U.S. has also witnessed increasing numbers of
intense rainfall events.
 CLIMATE CHANGE EVIDENCES

Ocean acidification
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the acidity of surface ocean
waters has increased by about 30 percent This increase is the result of
humans emitting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and hence more
being absorbed into the oceans. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by
the upper layer of the oceans is increasing by about 2 billion tons per year.
 IMPACTS
• Water Security
•Food Supply
• Human Health
•Economy
 Impacts

Water Security
Climate change poses a huge threat to something humans need above all else –
water. We need it for drinking, of course, but also for growing food.
Everyone deserves access to water for their survival. And climate change is making
our water supply much less secure.
 Impacts

Food Supply
Farmers around the world depend on a stable climate to grow their crops and put
food on our plates. But as climate change leads to more droughts, floods, and
extreme weather, we see harvests wither or wash away.
Carbon pollution and climate change mean both more floods and droughts – making
it harder and harder for farmers to grow good quality, nutritious food.
 Impacts

Human Health
Climate change impacts human health in countless ways, but four are worth emphasi
zing here:
Rising temperatures: As temperatures climb around the globe, we expect to see more
heatwaves – and ever-more intense ones at that. Extreme heat can “overpower the
human body” and cause dehydration, heatstroke, and major organ damage. And
certain populations are more at risk from the impacts of heatwaves than others,
including the elderly, children, and the poor.
 Impacts

Human Health
Air quality: Pollution from burning fossil fuels is bad enough for the air we
breathe, but many impacts of climate change also impact air quality. For
instance, climate change has been linked to more wildfires. Wildfire smoke
carries fine particles that “can penetrate deep into your lungs.” Exposure has
been linked to burning eyes, heart and lung diseases, and even death.
Vector-borne diseases: Vector-borne diseases are illnesses spread by insects
or arachnids like mosquitoes, fleas, mites, and ticks. As our climate becomes
warmer, some insects will see their geographic ranges grow – bringing the
Lyme disease and West Nile or Zika viruses they carry along with them to new
regions.
 Impacts

Human Health
Extreme weather: While we go into more detail on this later, climate change has been
linked to many types of extreme weather, including hurricanes and floods. Not only
can these extreme weather events have immediate fatal consequences, but they can
lead to major injuries and the spread of waterborne illnesses such as wound
infections, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and ear, nose and throat infections.

Healthy people need a healthy climate.

 Impacts

Economy
It’s important to point out that the planet’s economies depend on, well, the planet.
 Principles

• The Sun is the primary source of energy for Earth’s Climate System
• Climate is regulated by complex interactions among components of the Earth
system.
• Life on Earth depends on its shaped by climate and affects climate.
• Climate varies over space and time through both natural and man-made processes.
• Our understanding of the climate system is improved through observations
• Human activities are impacting the climate system
• Climate change will have consequences for the Earth system and human lives.
 APPLICATIONS /
SOLUTIONS

FOSSIL FUEL FREE

TROPICAL FOREST
RESTORATION
 CLEAN CAR COMMUNITIES

CLEAN ENERGY ECONOMY

REGIONAL CLIMATE
ACTION
What is sustainable architecture and what is
the role of an architect?

Sustainable architecture is a general term that describes environmentally conscious

design techniques in the field of architecture. Sustainable architecture is framed by
the larger discussion of sustainability and the pressing economic and political issues
of our world.
The key to architectural sustainability is to work with, rather than against Nature;
to be sensitive so that we do not damage the natural systems.
Architectural sustainability mirrors the view that it is necessary to position human
activities as a non-damaging part of the ongoing ecological landscape, with a belief
that ‘nature knows best.’
 References

• https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/
• https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/wait-why-climate-change-bad-thing
• https://climatechange.earthscienceconferences.com/events-list/global-warming-and-
its-effects
• https://www.ucsusa.org/our-work/global-warming/science-and-impacts/global-warmi
ng-impacts#.W9Azq2gzbIU
• https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-warming-101
Thank you!