Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By Virtual University
Introduction to Human Computer
Interaction
• Learning Goals
• As the aim of this lecture is to introduce you the
study of Human Computer Interaction, so that
after studying this you will be able to:
• Answer what is the significance of Human
Computer Interaction (HCI)
• Discuss and argue about why Human computer
Interaction (HCI) is important with reference to
the way in which technology has developed
during past forty years
Computers penetration in our daily
life
The bright side of this invasion is:
▪ Computers are enabling new discoveries.
▪ Leading to efficiencies.
▪ Making our life easy and convenient.
On the not so bright side the result is:
computerized modern Nikon CoolPix 900, which has automatic focusing, exposure, and
shutter-speed. Camera may still take pictures, but it behaves like a computer instead of a
camera
Role of HCI
• Human designed the interfaces we hate;
human continue to use dysfunctional
machines even as the awkward interfaces
strain their eyes, ache their backs, and ruin
their wrist tendons.
• HCI plays a role to bridge up the gape
between the interfaces of machines and
human understanding
Definition of HCI
• “Human-Computer Interaction is a discipline
concerned with the design, evaluation and
implementation of interactive computing
systems for human use and with the study of
major phenomena surrounding them” -
ACM/IEEE
Learning Goals
• Describe the significance of HCI, particularly
adverse impact of computer technology on
humans and reasons for these adverse effects
• Describe the nature of humans and
computers
• Understand the Paradox of the computing
phenomena
• Differentiate between focus of SE and HCI
Human verses Compute
• Complex • Dumb.
• Intelligent • Unintelligent.
• Animate • Inanimate.
• Free will • Only do what they are
• Range of emotions told to do.
• Make mistakes • Don’t make mistakes.
Software Apartheid
• Apartheid Racial segregation; specifically: a policy
of segregation and political and economic
discrimination against non-European groups in
the Republic of South Africa. [Definition of
apartheid]
IFE
IFE
• Senior Staff was declining more desirable Long routes.
• Past- Manual Cash Collection.
• In Flight Entertainment with strict Cash Collection
System.
• Result:
• Loss of Customer Loyalty.
• Loss of Employee Loyalty.
• Loss of Revenue.
What should be done
• Purposefully design humane and forgiving software,
that is
• Inclusive
• Forgiving
• Profession-blind
• Class-blind
• Software-based products affect us all, sometimes
fatally
• Software-based products not INHERENTLY hard to
use
– Wrong process is used to develop them
Industry in Denial
• People who rush to believe in the benefits of
the computer – In their rush have abdicated
their responsibility to make these products
easy to use.
Industry in Denial
• Computerized Devises are Everywhere
– Highly sophisticated
– Powerful
• BUT
– Dauntingly Difficult to use
– Confusing to Use
Industry in Denial – Contrasting Views
• Techies
– Satisfied
– Belief in Technology
– Power of Products
• People
– Difficult to use
– Diminishes and Degrades people who must use it
as in IFE case
Reality
• Our lives are becoming more and more
dependent on the whims, fancies, disasters
and decisions of hi-tech industry
Rage! Rage! Rage!
Road Rage
Trolley Rage
Air Rage
Work Rage
PC Rage
Techno Rage – The New Rage in Town
“If WE can use it, YOU can use it. If you can’t,
YOU must be STUPID”
Business User
Success
∝ Experience
Success Criteria in the New Economy
high
Factors Business
providing Strategy
competitive
advantage User Experience manifestation of
business strategy
enabling factor
Technology for user
experience &
business
low strategy
Common Problems in the New
Economy
• Scenario: A web site that is
– Aesthetically beautiful
– Technically perfect
– Wonderful content
– But users can’t find information!
• Findability.
Users can only find information 42% of the time.
– Jared Spool
62% of web shoppers give up looking for the item they want to buy
online – Zona Research
Findability
• 50% of the potential sales from a site are lost
because people cannot find the item they are
looking for
– Forrester Research
The Result
• 40% of the users who do not return to a site
do so because their first visit resulted in a
negative experience
– Forrester Research
Software Maintenance Costs
• 80% of software lifecycle costs occur after the
product is released, in the maintenance phase
- of that work, 80 % is due to unmet or
unforeseen user requirements; only 20 % is
due to bugs or reliability problems.
- IEEE Software
Project Cost Estimation
• Around 63% of software projects exceed their
cost estimates. The top four reasons for this
are:
• Frequent requests for changes from users
• Overlooked tasks
• Users' lack of understanding of their own requirements
• Insufficient user-analyst communication and
understanding
- Communications of the ACM
Return on Investment (ROI)
Scenario A Scenario B
m - millions
The End of Business As Usual
• Business success is directly related to the
customer experience.
+
Sydney Olympics
• Bruce Lindsay Maguire vs Sydney Organising
Committee for the Olympics Games (SOCOG)
• Allegation: SOCOG
in breach the Disability
Discrimination Act 1992 by failing to make accessible
to him key parts of its web site