MATTER

CHAPTER-1
 MATTER
Has mass and volume

States of matter
Solid Liquid Gas Liquid

Definite shape Indefinite shape Indefinite shape

Definite Definite volume & volume
volume
Particles are Particles are not Particles are far
closely packed closely packed away from each
other
Particles Particles can Particles can
Sublimation
cannot move move here & move randomly Solid Gas
at all there but slowly in all direction
e.g. Copper, e.g. Vinegar, e.g. Air, Helium,
Iron, Chair Water ,Petrol Oxygen
 Element
 One type of atoms and cannot
be broken down either by
physical or chemical means but
can exist either as atom (Na, Al)
or as molecules (N2, Cl2, H2, O2)
 Identified by its ATOMIC
NUMBER
 Found in the Periodic Table
having a chemical SYMBOL
Compound Mixture
Consists of two or more
Consists of atoms of two
different elements or
or more different elements
compounds but not chemically
chemically bonded together
bonded together and separated
and broken down only by
by a physical means.
chemical means.
Seawater - mixture of H2O & salt Mixture of air
Gold Ring- mixture of gold & Cu
Petrol – mixture of liquids
Petroleum- mixture of gas &
liquid
Alloy - mixture of element
(Brass-Cu +Zn) & (Steel- Fe +C)
 Atomic Structure
Nucleus
ATOM Energy Level e  Scientist
Bohr’s
p
p Rutherford
n
e  Present at the
• Smallest particle of n n p
centre of atom
p Positive charge
element e p
having p+ and n0

• 3 subatomic particle e
 Electron Neutron (no) Electron (e-)
 Proton  Scientist James Proton (p+)  Scientist J.J
 Neutron Chadwick  Scientist J.J Thomson
 No charge Thomson  Negative charge
 Present inside  Positive charge  Present outside
the nucleus  Present inside the nucleus in the
 Mass of 1 amu the nucleus energy level
 Mass of 1 amu  Mass of ½ amu

Atom is electrically neutral

No. of protons is always equal to the no. of electrons
MOLECULES

 Formed when two or more atoms join Difference in Mixture and compounds
together chemically  When iron and sulphur are mixed they remain
 Can be the same atom or different atom separate atoms of iron and sulphur and can be
 Smallest particle of compound easily separated using a magnet

Cl O
Cl O O
 When iron and sulphur react, they combine to make
Molecules of element
a new type of substance called a compound. The
H compound is Iron Sulphide
N +
Molecules of compound H H
Atom of Atom of Molecules of compound
Iron Sulphur Iron sulphide
 PHYSICAL CHANGE CHEMICAL CHANGE
No new product New product

Change in shape Change in color

Reversible Irreversible

Temporary Permanent

E.g. melting of ice, cutting E.g. burning of paper,

of paper boiling of egg

Burning of a candle is a __________ Melting of a candle is a __________

 ION
Electrically charged atom
Net charge = how electron and proton balance out
Proton + Electron ─

4e─
4p+ 3e─ 3p+ 3e─ 3p+
Net charge = +1 Net charge = 0 Net charge = -1

Ions Neutral Ions

Cation Anion
Atomic number and Mass Number
Electrons (-)
Protons (+)
Mass number
Nucleus 7
3𝐿𝑖

Neutrons (0) Atomic number

Atomic number (Z) = No. of protons

=3
Mass number (A) = No. of protons + No. of neutrons
= 3+4
= 7
 QUESTIONS
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 QUESTIONS
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