SWITCHING

VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
DESIGN
GROUP 5
ARELLANO | BOTARDO | CAY | GARCIA | SARMIENTO
Agenda
TO DESIGN A SWITCHING BUCK VOLTAGE
REGULATOR BASED ON THE FOLLOWING
SPECIFICATIONS:
› Input Voltage Range: 9 – 24 V
› Maximum Output Current: 2A
› Output Voltage: 5 V

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DESIGN DIAGRAM

› The switching buck converter design consists of a Power

Stage, Feedback, and the Controller Circuit.
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POWER STAGE

BUCK CONVERTER TOPOLOGY

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CONTROLLER - PWM
GENERATOR

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PRE-DESIGN

› The design is configured to give the

desired output. (5V)
› Problem: Output is Linear
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PRE-DESIGN

› The design is configured to produce a PWM signal

› Problem: Unwanted signals in the PWM.
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FINAL DESIGN

Input Voltage Range: 9 – 24 V

Maximum Output Current: 2A
Nominal Output Voltage: 5 V
Switching Frequency/CutOff Freqeucny = 21 KHz 8
 MATERIALS
PMOS Transistor – IRF9530
Resistors (1K, 10K)
Capacitors (0.22nF,10nF, 10000uF)
LM833 Dual Op-amp
Inductor (470 uH)
5.1 V Zener Diode – 1N5231B
Schottky Diode – 1n5822
NPN Transistors – 2N3904
PNP Transistors – 2N3906
Load Resistors

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TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

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PWM OUTPUT AT VARYING Vin

Vin: 10 V Vout: 5V Vin: 11 V Vout: 5V Vin: 12 V Vout: 5V

Vin: 19 V Vout: 5V Vin: 21 V Vout: 5V Vin: 23 V Vout: 5V11

 RESULTS – 1st TEST
Input Measured
Measured Output Voltage Volta Output
5.31 ge Voltage
9 5.236
5.3 10 5.242
11 5.246
5.29
12 5.25
Output Voltage

5.28 13 5.254
14 5.258
5.27 15 5.263
5.26 16 5.268
17 5.272
5.25 18 5.278
19 5.282
5.24
20 5.287
5.23 21 5.292
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 22 5.295
Input Voltage 23 5.3
24 5.304
This is the actual result without loading condition.
The reference voltage needs to be fine tuned. 12
 RESULTS – 2nd TEST
Input
OUTPUT VOLTAGE Voltage 10 Ohms 3 Ohms 2.5 Ohms
(V)
10 Ohms 3 Ohms 2.5 Ohms 9 5.051 5.047 5.044
10 5.059 5.058 5.057
5.16
11 5.066 5.067 5.066
5.14 12 5.073 5.075 5.075
13 5.078 5.081 5.082
Output Voltage

5.12
14 5.083 5.088 5.09
5.1 15 5.088 5.091 5.095
16 5.092 5.1 5.101
5.08
17 5.098 5.104 5.107
5.06 18 5.104 5.112 5.114
5.04 19 5.109 5.117 5.118
20 5.113 5.12 5.125
5.02 21 5.116 5.127 5.128
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 22 5.12 5.135 5.13
Input Voltage 23 5.127 5.139 5.137
24 5.132 5.141 5.144

The design was tested on varying loads. At 10 Ohms, the output voltage ranges
from 5-5.132 Volts. Which is the closest to 5 V regulation.
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 RESULTS – Ripple Voltage
Ripple Voltage
2.5 Ohms 3 Ohms 10 Ohms
160

140

120
Ripple Voltage (mV)

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Input Voltage

The ripple voltage was observed to be lower at 10 Ohms Load.

@ 19mV to 104 mV
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 Power Efficiency
2.5 Ohms 3 Ohms
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑛= x 100 % 𝑛= x 100 %
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖𝑛
10.5 8.83
𝑛= x 100 % 𝑛= x 100 %
13.6 11.5

𝑛 = 77.21% 𝑛 = 76.78%

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Power Efficiency
10 Ohms
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑛= x 100 %
𝑃𝑖𝑛
2.64
𝑛= x 100 %
4,43
𝑛 = 59.59%

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 Conclusion
The design of a switching regulator with the use
of discrete components and Op-Amps was then
achieved. Reasonable equation estimations are
sometimes handy when dealing with multiple
unknowns. The minimum output capacitor affects
the desired ripple voltage. The higher it gets; the
lower ripple voltage can be observed.

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