Do Now-3 Minutes 5th Cycle Folder, 2/25 WWI Folder

Name at least 2 European countries that have participated in New

Imperialism and at least 1 of their colonies each.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
The World at War
WHS.1F/WHS.10A/WHS.10B /WHS.28C
What were the long term causes of World War I?

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Making Alliances
• Recognizing that they couldn’t stand alone,
countries entered into military alliances with
nations they considered political friends
• So whenever a country entered an alliance, they
are promising to come to a country’s aid when
attacked

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Europe in 1914

“Exploring World History.” 2018 Active Classroom.

https://www.activeclassroom.com/active_reader/15666.
HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019
World History Studies
 World War I: Alliances
Central Powers The Allied Powers
Bulgaria Britain
Austria-Hungary France
Ottoman Empire(Turkey) America
Germany Italy
Russia
Romania
Japan

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
 “History’s Mysteries” 2018 Active Classroom. https://www.activeclassroom.com/active_reader/13320

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Did this start the war?
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated in
Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist. The terrorist
organization known as the “Black Hand” has
claimed responsibility. The government of Austria
has now declared war on Serbia.
Oh, yeah?
There’s nothing *Russia,
Big brother,
you can do, comes
Russia!!!
Serbia. barreling
through the
door*

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
 Crime Scene

“History’s Mysteries” 2018 Active Classroom. https://www.activeclassroom.com/active_reader/13320

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
 Published: July 24, 1914
Copyright © The New York Times

“History’s Mysteries” 2018 Active Classroom. https://www.activeclassroom.com/active_reader/13320

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
 Wait,
wat??

After the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand of Russia, a chain

reaction occurred. Germany promised to unconditionally support
Austria-Hungary.
Thus, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
Russia got prepared to defend Serbia.
Germany, seeing Russia mobilizing for war, declared war on Russia.
France, as an ally of Russia, declared war against Germany and
Austria-Hungary.
Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war.
Then Japan entered the war. Later, Italy and the United States would
enter on the side of the allies.
HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019
World History Studies
Nationalism
• Nationalism is extreme pride in one’s nation. Nationalism can serve as a
unifying force in a nation but it can also cause competition between
nations, with each trying to overpower the other. Nationalism is a long-
term cause of WWI. Nationalism played a role in the origin of the war.
Indeed, a fierce rivalry between nations had developed. The intense
nationalism of Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and other Slavic peoples
wanted to break away from Austria Hungary and become independent
nations. Russia wanted to dominate this region as well. In this way,
nationalism led directly to the War.
• Nationalism in the various countries throughout Europe contributed not
only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe as each
country tried to prove their dominance and power. The Germans felt
nearly unstoppable as a world power. The French, on the other hand,
had been embarrassed by the Germans and wanted to regain their pride.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
• Imperialism is the domination by one country over another politically,
economically, and culturally in order to increase its power and wealth.
Imperialism is seen as a long-term cause of WWI. The increasing competition and
desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation that helped push
the world into World War I. For example, before World War 1, the nations of
Europe competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia. This was partly because
of the raw materials these areas could provide but many nations were also
competing for control of colonies in order to gain influence. For example, one
reason Germany was attempting to control lands in Africa was because Britain and
France already had colonies there. In 1905 and 1911, Germany tried to keep
France from controlling the African nation of Morocco. This made Britain and
France closer allies in the conflict against Germany. Britain and France quickly
found that by keeping Germany out of Africa, the Germans could not become too
powerful. Another example was when Austria annexed Bosnia in order to increase
their empire. Serbia did not want Austria to control Bosnia, as they wanted it for
themselves. As Europe continued to compete with each other for empire, their
distrust of one another increased.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
MAIN
• Militarism – the belief that building a strong military was necessary to
protecting the economic and political interests of a country. This belief led to a
military build-up in all nations in Europe as each tried to “out-do” the others.
• Alliances – most European nations had “picked sides” in the years prior to
WWI based on royal family ties and existing feelings of mistrust and hatred
that went back for centuries. Alliances were considered necessary as usually
they included provisions that if one nation was attacked they would be
supported by other nations in the alliance.
• Imperialism and European Rivalries – European nations were competing for
resources and colonies.
• Nationalism – This idea of pride in one’s country was carried to an extreme in
the years prior to WWI. One characteristic of nationalism was that each ethnic
group should have its own national boundaries. This helps explain why the
annexation of Serbia by Austria would have been opposed by Serbian
nationalists.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
The Battle of Verdun actually lasted five months. More than
900,000 French and German soldiers were killed. Even so,
neither side captured more than a few miles of enemy
territory. This stalemate continued through 1917.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
 Gas Mask
• Poisonous gas was used as a weapon in WWI.
• Trench warfare encouraged the use of gas to try and break the
stalemate. Gas could affect a person’s sight and breathing. Gas
masks were given to all soldiers. Even horses and mules wore
gas masks. Gas caused blindness, blisters and sometimes death
by choking. Gas caused significant casualties and panic among
the soldiers in the trenches. Though only 3% of soldiers gassed
died, it was the most powerful psychological weapon used. The
most effective use of gases was to clear enemy positions.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
British tanks were used
in battle for the first
time in 1916.
By 1918, tanks were commonly used on the front lines. Tanks
can move across many types of terrain and over barbed wire.
This new armored vehicle was devastating against soldiers in
trenches. As the tanks slowly crushed the barbed wire, its
cannon and machine guns fired on soldiers. Soldiers were
helpless to destroy it with their weapons and many panicked
and ran. Soldiers inside the tanks also faced problems, too, as
heat exhaustion and exhaust fumes were dangerous and
deadly.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Airplanes were a new
weapon of war in 1914.
• As the technology continued to develop, airplanes became more and
more important. The earliest planes were only used to give information
of enemy positions. Eventually, bombs were thrown from the planes.
Later, machine guns were mounted on the planes and the era of the
fighter airplane began. Both sides understood that airplanes could be
used to fight beyond the trenches. So as the stalemate in the trenches
continued, airplanes could bomb military and industrial targets. Thus,
airplanes took the war to the home front. After WWI, countries realized
that military supremacy in the air was a key to victory.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Machine Guns
• The machine gun, which fires ammunition automatically, was improved
by WWI. Now, machine guns could wipe out waves of advancing armies.
This made it difficult for the forces to advance. The machine gun was
perhaps the most valuable of all weapons as it devastated infantry and
ended the use of the cavalry (soldiers or horseback.) It helped to lead to
the stalemate along the trenches. Along trench lines, machine gun
teams dug in and as the infantry advanced, they opened fire. As soldiers
crossed “no man’s land”, machines guns mowed them down.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
U Boat
• The Germans introduced the submarine, or U boat, as a
warship in 1914. The submarines main weapon against
warships was the torpedo which is an underwater missile
that explodes on contact. When Great Britain began arming
its merchant ships, the German U-boats began firing
without warning. This policy is known as “unrestricted
submarine warfare.” By the end of the war, over 15,000 of
the British Merchant Navy had been killed.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Total War
Total War – unrestricted war. No limits on weapons
used or rules of war. All resources are used to win
victory.
Total War means new roles for soldiers and civilians:
• Long, deadly battles fought with all the destructive
weapons an industrial society could produce.
• Entire national economies geared toward war.
• Governments took away civil liberties.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Stalemate
• Stalemate – when neither side can
win or gain an advantage
Where was the front? A front is the
long battle zone that forms where
two armies meet. The bloodiest
fighting in World War I took place on
the Western Front. There both sides
fought from elaborate defensive
trenches.
Fighting along the Western Front was
deadlocked. For over three years, the
defensive strength of the trenches
(Source: “Atlas of World History.” ©2018. Active Classroom.)
prevented the armies on both sides
from gaining ground.

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
Really?
• I was surprised when…
• I never knew that…

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies
(Source: “Atlas of World History.” ©2018. Active Classroom.)
HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019
World History Studies
 Which weapon caused the
most damage?
Does the new weapon cause great loss of life? Does it
make killing more efficient?
Does the new weapon cause psychological damage?
Does it cause panic and terror?
Does the new weapon destroy the environment more
than others?
Is the new weapon used on both military and civilian
targets?

Share and explain why with

World evidence.
HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019
History Studies
What two new weapons of war made
World War I so devastating?
NEED: Your notes, laptop or paper and pen

DO: ACES on which two weapons were more devastating

PUT: In the 2/25 WWI folder on the HUB OR in the chair.

THEN: Make sure you have completed your Graphic

Organizer

HISD Social Studies Curriculum 2019

World History Studies