KESETIMBANGAN

LARUTAN

TRIYADI HENDRA WIJAYA

PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI
STIKES AL-IRSYAD AL-ISLAMIYYAH CILACAP
 PENDAHULUAN
 Larutan dapat mengalami kesetimbangan jika peristiwa pelarutan
sama dengan peristiwa pengendapan, maka akan diperoleh
jumlah zat terlarut di dalam larutan tetap
 Larutannya disebut dengan larutan jenuh (kesetimbangan
dinamis)
 PENDAHULUAN

 Pada saat kesetimbangan dinamis maka reaksi maju dan balik

berjalan pada laju yang sama (tidak ada konversi netto reaktan ke
produk)
KONSTANTA KESETIMBANGAN
HUBUNGAN KELARUTAN (S)
DENGAN KSP
CONTOH SOAL
 CONTOH SOAL
 The solubility of silver sulfate is 0.014 mol/L. This means that
0.0144 mol of Ag2SO4 will dissolve to make 1.0 L of saturated
solution. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Ksp for
this salt.
 The Ksp of NiCO3 is 1.4 x 10-7 at 25°C. Calculate its molar
solubility
 Calculate the pH of a saturated solution of silver hydroxide, AgOH,
Ksp AgOH 2.0 x 10-8
 Diketahui Ksp BaSO4 = 1 x 10-10, Mr = 233
a. Berapakah kelarutan BaSO4 dalam air?
b. Tentukan konsentrasi ion Ba2+ dan ion SO42- pada keadaan
jenuh!
c. Berapakah gram BaSO4 yang terkandung dalam 100 ml larutan
ini?
JAWABAN
JAWABAN
JAWABAN
JAWABAN
PENGARUH ION SEJENIS
 CONTOH SOAL
 Duaratus lima puluh milimeter larutan Pb(NO3)2 10-2 M dicampur
dengan 750 ml larutan KI 10-3 M. Apakah dalam campuran ini
sudah ditemukan adanya endapan? (Ksp PbI2 = 6 . 10-9)
JAWABAN
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF
SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA
Qualitative Analyses
• Isolation and identification of cations and/or anions in
unknown samples
Synthesis of Ionic Solids of commercial interest
Selective Precipitation based on Ksp
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
 Separation and identification of cations, such as
Ag+, Ba2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, etc. can be carried out
based on their different solubility and their ability
to form complex ions with specific reagents, such
as HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, NH3, and others.
 Separation and identification of anions, such as Cl-
, Br-, I-, SO42-, CO32-, PO43-, etc., can be
accomplished using reagents such as AgNO3,
Ba(NO3)2 under neutral or acidic conditions.
SELECTIVE PRECIPITATION
(MIXTURES OF METAL IONS)
Use a reagent whose anion forms a precipitate with only one or a few of
the metal ions in the mixture.

Example:
 Solution contains Ba2+ and Ag+ ions.
 Adding NaCl will form a precipitate with Ag+ (AgCl), while still
leaving Ba2+ in solution.
SEPARATION OF CU2+ AND HG2+ FROM NI2+
AND MN2+ USING H2S

At a low pH, [S2–] is relatively low and only the very insoluble HgS and
CuS precipitate.
When OH– is added to lower [H+], the value of [S2–] increases, and MnS
and NiS precipitate.
SEPARATION OF CU2+ AND HG2+
FROM NI2+ AND MN2+ USING H2S
SEPARATING THE COMMON CATIONS
BY SELECTIVE PRECIPITATION
SELECTIVE PRECIPITATION
 Compounds with different solubility can be
selectively precipitated by adjusting the
concentration of the precipitating reagents.
 For example, AgCl has a much lower Ksp than
PbCl2
 If Ag+ and Pb2+ are present in the same solution,
the Ag+ ion can be selectively precipitated as AgCl,
leaving Pb2+ in solution.