HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

HYDRAULIC FLUIDS

Hydraulic fluids act as working fluid or

bearing media which have functions :
1. Transmit power
2. Lubricate moving parts
3. Seal clearances mating parts
4. Dissipate heat
 Quality Requirements of Hydraulic Fluids

• Good lubricity
• Ideal viscosity
• Chemical stability
• High degree of incompressibility
• Good heat transfer capability
• Low density
• Foam resistance
• Low volatility
• Compatibility with system materials
• Fire resistance
• Non-toxicity
 FLUIDS : Liquids and Gases
Parameter Liquid Gas
Volume Has its own volume Volume is determined
by container

Shape Takes shape of Takes shape of

container but only to its container
volume

Compressibility Incompressible Readily compressible

Liquids are: Gases are:

Slightly compressible, DV ≠ f(DP) Compressible, DV = f(DP)
Viscous (high viscosity) Low viscosity
Viscosity decreases with Viscosity increases with
temperature increase temperature
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIQUID
AND GAS
 COMPRESSION OF LIQUIDS

If a downward force is applied to

the piston in the gas cylinder, the
piston will move down and
compress the gas

If a downward force is applied to

the piston in the liquid cylinder,
the piston will not move. Closed cylinder Closed cylinder
containing air (gas) containing
hydraulic fluid (liquid)
Circulation Cools the System
 SPECIFIC WEIGHT, DENSITY AND SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
Weight = F = mg
Where
Berat Jenis (Weight Density, )
SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND MASS DENSITY
 Effects of Specific Gravity
• Specific gravity is an important factor
to consider when sizing a pump. The
specific gravity of your liquid can affect
the output pressure of a pump —
a heavier liquid requires greater force
than water (or a lighter liquid) to be
lifted an identical vertical height.
 Specific Gravity

• The graph below compares the column

heights needed to exert an equal pressure for
liquids having different specific gravities.

• A 100-ft column of water (specific gravity of

1.0) exerts a pressure of 43.0 psi, while an 83-
ft column of brine (a heavier liquid) and a 133-
ft column of gasoline (a lighter liquid) are
needed to exert the same pressure.
PRESSURE AND HEAD
PRESSURE DEVELOPED BY COLUMNS OF OIL
TEKANAN ATMOSFER
DATUMS FOR MEASUREMENT OF GAUGE AND
ABSOLUTE PRESSURES
BOURDON TUBE PRESSURE GAUGE
TEMPERATURE COMPARISON

Absolute Temperature K = C + 273

Absolute Temperature R = F + 460
CONTOH – CONTOH SOAL
BULK MODULUS
VISCOSITY AND VISCOSITY INDEX
Measuring Absolute Viscosity
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, 
HUBUNGAN ANTARA  DAN SUS
MEASURING KINEMATIC VISCOSITY
Saybolt Viscosimeter
 VISCOSITY INDEX
Is relative measure of oil’s viscosity change with
respect to temperature change
Viscosity Index Definition
Optimal Viscosity
Oil Range of Operation
Viscosity Chart