GROUP IV

CONIC SECTIONS

The word conic comes from the word cone which is where the shapes of
parabolas, circles, ellipses and hyperbolas originate. Consider two cones
that open up in opposite directions and a plane that intersects it
horizontally.
 CONIC SECTIONS
• A conic is the curve obtained as the intersection of a plane, called the
cutting plane, with the surface of a double cone (a cone with two nappes).
any double cone with some circular cross-section will suffice. Planes that
pass through the vertex of the cone will intersect the cone in a point, a line
or a pair of intersecting lines. These are called degenerate conics.

• Three types of conics: the ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola.

- The circle is a special kind of ellipse, although historically it had been
considered as a fourth type (as it was by Apollonius).
FOUR KINDS OF CONIC SECTIONS

➢Circle = x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
-type of ellipse, and is sometimes considered to be a fourth type of
conic section the plane is perpendicular to the axis of revolution
obtained when the cutting plane is parallel to the plane of the
generating circle of the cone

➢Ellipse = Ax2 + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

is the set of all points for which the sum of the distances from two
fixed points (the foci) is constant. In the case of an ellipse, there are
two foci, and two directrices. the plane intersects one nappe at an
angle to the axis (other than 90∘90∘)
➢Parabola = parabola: Ax2 + Dx + Ey = 0
set of all points whose distance from a fixed point, called the
focus, is equal to the distance from
a fixed line, called the directrix. The point halfway between the
focus and the directrix is called the
vertex of the parabola
the plane is parallel to the generating line

➢Hyperbola = Ax2 – Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

set of all points where the difference between their distances from
two fixed points (the foci)
is constant. There are two foci and two directrices. Have two
asymptotes the plane is parallel to the
axis of revolution (the y-axis)
HYPERBOLA
Characteristics:
➢ obtained when the plane will intersect both halves of the
cone, producing two separate unbounded curves.

➢ sort of looks like two parabolas that point at each other,

and is the set of all points in a plane such that the
absolute value of the difference of the distances
between two fixed points stays constant. The two given
points are the foci of the hyperbola, and the midpoint of
the segment joining the foci is the center of the
hyperbola. The hyperbola looks like two opposing
“U‐shaped” curves.

➢ can be fairly "straight" or else pretty "bendy"

Parts:
❖ A hyperbola have two foci and two vertices for each of them. The foci in an
hyperbola are further from the hyperbola's center than are its vertices. The line joining
the foci is called the principal axis and the points of intersection of the conic with the
principal axis are called the vertices of the conic. The line segment joining the
vertices of a conic is called the major axis, also called transverse axis in the
hyperbola. The midpoint of this line segment is called the center of the conic.

❖ A hyperbola is formed when the plane is parallel to the cone’s central axis, meaning it
intersects both parts of the double cone. Hyperbolas have two branches, as well as
these features:
· Asymptote lines—these are two linear graphs that the curve of the hyperbola
approaches, but never touches
· A center, which is the intersection of the asymptotes
· Two focal points, around which each of the two branches bend
· Two vertices, one for each branch
 The hyperbola is centered on a point (h, k), which is the "center" of the

hyperbola. The point on each branch closest to the center is that branch's "vertex".

The vertices are some fixed distance a from the center. The line going from one

vertex, through the center, and ending at the other vertex is called the "transverse"

axis. The "foci" of an hyperbola are "inside" each branch, and each focus is located

some fixed distance c from the center. (This means that a < c for hyperbolas.) The

values of a and c will vary from one hyperbola to another, but they will be fixed

values for any given hyperbola.

HORIZONTAL HYPERBOLA VERTICAL HYPERBOLA
hyperbola in real life
Practical Applications in terms of pictures
GENERAL FORM FOR CONICS
 GENERAL FORM

Three properties that are universal to all quadratic functions:

1) The graph of a quadratic function is always a parabola that either opens upward
or downward

2) The domain of a quadratic function is all real numbers

3) The vertex is the lowest point when the parabola opens upwards; while the
vertex is the highest point when the parabola opens downward.
• has two axis of symmetry
• The transverse axis is a line segment that passes
through the center of the hyperbola and has vertices as
its endpoints
• The foci lie on the line that contains the transverse axis.
• The conjugate axis is perpendicular to the transverse
axis and has the co-vertices as its endpoints.
• The center of a hyperbola is the midpoint of both the
transverse and conjugate axes, where they intersect.
• has two asymptotes that pass through its center. As a
hyperbola recedes from the center, its branches
approach these asymptotes.
• The central rectangle of the hyperbola is centered at the
origin with sides that pass through each vertex and co-
vertex; it is a useful tool for graphing the hyperbola and
its asymptotes.
Problem solving!
Standard Form
of Hyperbola
HYPERBOLA: CENTER AT THE ORIGIN, FOCI ON THE X-AXIS

1. Its center C is the origin.

2. The transverse axis is on the x-axis and has the length 2a, its endpoints are the
vertices V1 (-a, 0) and V2 (a, 0).
3. The hyperbola has two branches, one opening to the left, and one opening to the
right.
4. The two foci are F1 (-c, 0) and F2 (c, 0), on the x-axis.
5. The length of the conjugate axis is 2b.
6. The distance between the foci is 2c, where c2 = a2 + b2.
7. The coordinates of the co-vertices are (0, ± b).
8. The two lines through the diagonals are the asymptotes of the hyperbola:
HYPERBOLA: CENTER AT THE ORIGIN, FOCI ON THE Y-AXIS

1. Its center C is the origin.

2. The transverse axis is on the y-axis and has the length 2a, its endpoints are the
vertices V1 (0,-a) and V2 (0, a).
3. The hyperbola has two branches, one opening upwards, and one opening
downwards.
4. The two foci are F1 (0, -c) and F2 (0, c), on the x-axis.
5. The length of the conjugate axis is 2b.
6. The distance between the foci is 2c, where c2 = a2 + b2.
7. The coordinates of the co-vertices are (± b,0).
8. The two lines through the diagonals are the asymptotes of the hyperbola:
GIVEN THE VERTICES AND FOCI OF A HYPERBOLA
CENTERED AT (0,0)(0,0), WRITE ITS EQUATION IN STANDARD
FORM.

1. Find b2 using the equation b2 = c2−a2

2. Substitute the values for a2 and b2 into the standard form of the
equation.
 STANDARD FORMS OF THE EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA
WITH CENTER (H, K)

The standard form of the equation of a hyperbola with center (h,k)

and transverse axis parallel to the x-axis is:
The graph has the following properties:
1. Its center C is (h,k).
2. The transverse axis is on the x-axis and has the length 2a, its endpoints are the vertices
V1 (h-a, k) and V2 (h+a, k).
3. The hyperbola has two branches, one opening to the left, and one opening to the right.
4. The two foci are F1 (h-c, k) and F2 (h+c, k), on the x-axis.
5. The length of the conjugate axis is 2b.
6. The distance between the foci is 2c, where c2 = a2 + b2.
7. The coordinates of the co-vertices are (h, k± b).
8. The asymptotes of the hyperbola coincide with the diagonals of the central rectangle. The
length of the rectangle is 2a and its width is 2b. The slopes of the diagonals are ± , and each
diagonal passes through the center (h,k). Using the point-slope formula, it is simple to show that
the equations of the asymptotes are:
 STANDARD FORMS OF THE EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA
WITH CENTER (H, K)

The standard form of the equation of a hyperbola with center (h,k)

and transverse axis parallel to the y-axis is:
The graph has the following properties:
1. Its center C is (h,k).
2. The transverse axis is on the x-axis and has the length 2a, its endpoints are the vertices
V1 (h, k-a) and V2 (h, k+a).
3. The hyperbola has two branches, one opening upwards, and one opening downwards.
4. The two foci are F1 (h, k-c) and F2 (h, k+c), on the x-axis.
5. The length of the conjugate axis is 2b.
6. The distance between the foci is 2c, where c2 = a2 + b2.
7. The coordinates of the co-vertices are (h ± b, k).
8. The equations of the asymptotes are:
SUMMARY TABLE:
Problem solving!
GROUP IV ALLARDO, PRINCESS HYRA .
CARIgaba, VIANCA K.
DAVID, SOPHIA LIAN G.
JERUSALEM, JAY M.
MONSANTO, MARINETH F.
NARCISO, REA CLARICE ANN A.
POBRE, LUCILLE KASSANDRA P.
REYES, MINELLA JOY L.
SANTOS, KYLE OSBORNE L.
SEMILLANO, CELINE S.