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Football hooliganism originated in the late 19th century in the UK and was characterized by violent clashes between rival team supporters both inside and outside stadiums. Violence escalated through the 20th century, with notorious gangs forming in the 1960s. The 1980s saw some tragic incidents like the Heysel Stadium disaster that killed 39 fans, which led to reforms like closed circuit TV and increased policing. While hooliganism remains an issue associated with racism, unemployment and social issues, it has significantly declined from the height of the "English Disease" period due to these preventative measures.
Football hooliganism originated in the late 19th century in the UK and was characterized by violent clashes between rival team supporters both inside and outside stadiums. Violence escalated through the 20th century, with notorious gangs forming in the 1960s. The 1980s saw some tragic incidents like the Heysel Stadium disaster that killed 39 fans, which led to reforms like closed circuit TV and increased policing. While hooliganism remains an issue associated with racism, unemployment and social issues, it has significantly declined from the height of the "English Disease" period due to these preventative measures.
Football hooliganism originated in the late 19th century in the UK and was characterized by violent clashes between rival team supporters both inside and outside stadiums. Violence escalated through the 20th century, with notorious gangs forming in the 1960s. The 1980s saw some tragic incidents like the Heysel Stadium disaster that killed 39 fans, which led to reforms like closed circuit TV and increased policing. While hooliganism remains an issue associated with racism, unemployment and social issues, it has significantly declined from the height of the "English Disease" period due to these preventative measures.
bringing to mind the violent and tragic clashes between rival supporters in the later decades of WHAT IS A HOOLIGAN? the twentieth century. Football originated was a game played between villages, but it was so violent… It was little more than an excuse for feuding villagers to beat the crap out of each other...Teams from rival villages would essentially battle with each other. FOOTBALL ORIGINS Football was frequently played on Shrove Tuesdays and other Holy Violent outbreaks were reported at matches, with the riot act having to be read out at a game in Derby in 1846.
In 1880, the practice of “pitch
invasions” had become common in British football. 1800’s In 1885, Preston’s 5-0 friendly win Violence continued, with mobs either attacking the opposition’s fans or on occasion the players themselves.
One of the most shocking outbreaks of violence
came in Glasgow in 1909 at a game between Celtic and Glasgow. Reports claimed that up to 6.000 spectators were involved and 50 policemen were 1900’s seriously injured. New kind of organization where social unrest was planned rather than just occurring in sporadic outbursts.
Groups of football hooligans gathered together into
firms, travelling the country and battling with fans of rival teams. 1960: THE ENGLISH DISEASE. Here was when Hooliganism began as we know it, thanks to the postwar emergence of working class In 1974 when Man. Utd. Was relegated to the Second Division, the Red Army caused mayhem at grounds up and down the country.
Also, a Bolton Wanderers fan stabbed a young
Blackpool fan to death during a Second Division match. 70’s These two events led to introduction of crowd segregation and the erection of fences at football Clubs which had rarely experienced hooliganism feared hooliganism coming to their towns.
British supporters were making frequent
incursions into Europe to attend games and partake in ritualized violence against rival firms, locals, and any unaffiliated citizens unfortunate enough to cross their paths after a game. 80’s On 1 May 1982, after a London derby between HEYSEL STADIUM DISASTER. On 29 May 1985, the situation reached a tragic conclusion in the European Cup final between Juventus and Liverpool.
The situation turned violent shortly before kick-off.
Small group of English and Italian supporters
started fighting each other outside, but the fight continued on the inside. LATE 80’s
In the late 80’s, the introduction of stadium
seating, closed-circuit tv, hand-held cameras, the use of photophone and a grater police presence at stadia, gradually calmed down hooliganism. Violence still occurred, but it was generally isolated to clashes between small groups of fans. 90’s By 1990, the hooliganism problem in English football had reduced to the extent that UEFA lifted its ban on English clubs in European competitions. 2000’s English hooligans began using Internet forums, mobile phones and text messages to set up fights or provoke rival gangs into brawls.
The English reputation improved as a result of
good behaviour at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and the 2004 UEFA European Football Championship. 2010’s Football hooliganism raised again. Cass Pennant, a former football hooligan, said that the rise in football hooliganism was the result of rising unemployment, poverty and social discontent.
On 1 December 2010, supporters of Aston Villa
and Birmingham City clashed after a derby match, and 14 people were injured. Missiles MEDIA It contributed to the rise of hooliganism, as well.
Journalists are present
at every single match across England, everything catches the eye of the press but not only journalism is RACISM This is clearly a problematic subject in the world of football and is directly linked to hooliganism.
Racist chants like: “We
all agree, Niggers burn ANTI-RACISM CAMPAIGNS Racism have been trying to be stopped through the years.
The best known
campaigns is UEFA’s “No to Racism” with the goal to eliminate CONCLUSION Is football hooliganism still as active now as it was during the “English Disease”?
Football violence has
decreased massively and is still decreasing, making it not as active as it was during the