THE IMPACT OF MICROORGANISM ON

LIFE

• Microorganisms are tiny organisms

that only can been only under a light
microscope.
•MICROBES are harmless and useful to
humans.Others can cause diseases in
plants and animals,including humans
5 TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS

oBacteria
oAlgae
oProtozoa
oVirus
oFungi
 BACTERIA
o Unicellular organism
o It has peptidoglycan cell wall
o DNA is not enclosed in a nucleur
membrane
o Reproduce by binary fusion(favourable
con)
o It forms spores(unfavourable con)
o Certain bacteria have a slimy capsule
outside their cell wall for extra
protection
ROD SHAPED SPHERICAL SPIRAL COMMA
(BACILLUS) (COCCUS) (SPIRILLIUM) SHAPED
(VIBRIO)
 PROTOZOA
o Unicellular organism (live in aquatic
environment)
o No cell wall
o Move by using flagella,pseudopodia or
cilia
o Able to carry out living processes such
as reproduction,respiration and
excretion
o Reproduce sexually or assexually
 EXAMPLE:
Paramecium sp. Euglena sp.
 ALGAE
o Photosynthetic,plant-like organism
o Contains chlorophyll
o Their cell wall made up of cellulose
o No leaves,roots and stems
o Most algae from spores
 EXAMPLE:
Spirogyra sp. Chlamydomonas sp.
 FUNGI
• Heterotrophic microorganisms
• No leaves.roots and stems
• It has chitin cell wall
• Fungi feed by secreting
enzymes
 EXAMPLE:
Yeast Mucor
 VIRUS
• Smallest microorganisms
• It consists of DNA or RNA sorrounded by a
protein coat
• Non- living cell because it cannot survive
outside the host
• All viruses are infectious
• Each type of virus has two basic parts
• It can be purified and crystallize
 EXAMPLE
Bacteriophage Influenza virus
 THE EFFECTS OF ABIOTIC COMPONENETS THE
ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS
a) Concentration of nutrients
b) PH
c) Temperature
d) Light intensity
 TEMPERATURE:
•Micro. are inactive at
NUTRIENTS AND low temp.
WATER: •Optimum temp=
•Both needed in (35c-40c)
microorganisms •>60 growth micro.
•Organisms will Inhibited
die without it •Can be destroy when
they are sterilised at
THE EFFECTS about 121c

PH :
•Has an optimum Ph
•Bacteria prefer LIGHT INTENSITY:
alkaline •Micro. Prefer dark or low
conditions(around intensities
7.4) •High intensities/sunlight
•Protozoa prefer or ultraviolet rays can kill
acidic condition(4.5- micro.
5.0)
 THE ROLE OF USEFUL
MICROORGANISMS IN THE
ECOSYSTEM
Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi
DECOMPOSITION break down the dead organic matter and
waste products of animals into a simpler
products and release it into the soil.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM IN Bacteria in the colon breaks down

undigested food
HUMANS •Bacteria synthesis
i)Vitamin B12 (To prevent anaemia)
ii)Vitamin K (For blood cotting)

ALIMENTARY CANAL OF Termites feed on wood which consists

mainly of cellulose
TERMITES Protozoa(Trichonymphia s.p.)are present
in the alimentary canal of termites
Protozoa produces cellulase to digest the
cellulose
 NITROGEN CYCLE
1. Atmospheric nitrogen cannot be absorbed directly by plants.Plants can only
use nitrogen in the form of NH3,NH4,NH4+ which they absorb from the plant
2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Nostoc sp which live freely in the soil and
Rhizobium sp which live in the root nodules of leguminous plants can use as
atmospheric nitrogen to make NH3 compounds through a process called
nitrogen fixation
3. Nitrates are absorbed by plant roots and converted into plant proteins
4. When animals eat plants,the organic nitrogen is transferred into the body of
the animals and becomes animal proteins
5. Waste materials,dead plants and animals are decomposed by decaying
bacteria and fungi into ammonium compunds
6. Ammonium compounds are converted into nitrites and nitrates by nitrifying
bacteria through a process called nitrification
7. The cycle is balanced by a continuous return of nitrogen to the atmosphere
by denitrifying bacteria through denitrification.These bacteria break down
nitrates into gaseous nitrogen and oxygen.The oxygen is used by the bacteria
while the nitrogen is returned to the atmosphere.