WELCOME

WELCOME

Department of Mechanical Engineering

 SOURAV SASI
B.TECH
S7
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
TOMS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CRUISE CONTROL
 ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC)
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 ACC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
 COMPONENTS OF AN ACC SYSTEM
 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
 RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging)
 FUSION SENSOR
 CONTROL SYSTEM INTERFACES
 FEATURES ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

 Increased accident rate.

 Factors
 Need of intelligent vehicles
 Invention of Cruise control
 CRUISE CONTROL

 Cruise control - automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle.

 Also known as speed control or auto cruise.
 The conventional cruise control has one mode of velocity control.
 Adjusting the throttle position to maintain a speed set by the driver.
 The driver always has to apply brake when approaching the target
vehicle proceeding at a lower speed.
 No longer effective in congested traffic conditions.
ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC)

 Advanced version
 Keeps at steady speed
 Keeps safe distance
 Using sensors for detection
 Intelligent control
 Collision avoidance system
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 Works by detecting the distance and speed of the vehicles ahead by

using either a LIDAR system or a RADAR system.
 The time taken by the transmission and reception is the key of the
distance measurement.
 The shift in frequency of the reflected beam by Doppler Effect is
measured to know the speed.
 Depending on this speed, the brake and throttle controls are done to
keep the vehicle in a safe position.
 ACC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

 Constant velocity control

 Deceleration control
 Following control
 Acceleration control
 COMPONENTS OF AN ACC SYSTEM
ACC Module
Engine Control Module
Brake Control Module
Instrument Cluster
CAN
Cruise Switches
Brake Switches (BS)
Brake Lights
 COMPONENTS OF AN ACC SYSTEM

Sensors/Radars

 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)

 RADAR ( Radio Detection and Ranging)
 VISION SENSORS
 LIDAR
 LIDAR stands for “Light Detection and Ranging”.
 By measuring the beat frequency difference between a Frequency
Modulated Continuous light Wave and its reflection.
 LIDAR
 It measures distance by illuminating laser and analyzing the reflected
light.
 Low cost
 Provides good angular resolution
 Weather conditions restrict its use to 30 - 40 meters range.
 RADAR
 It operates by radiating energy into free space and detecting echo signal
reflected from an object.
 Currently used “Pulse Doppler RADAR”
 Current ACC systems are based on 77GHz RADAR sensors.
 Detects moving object up to 120m.
 Work in poor weather conditions.
 FUSION SENSOR

 Millimeter wave RADAR linked to a stereo type camera with a 40

degree view angle.
 These two parts track the car from non moving object.
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF ACC SYSTEM
 FEATURES

 Maintains a safe, comfortable distance between vehicles without driver

interventions.
 Maintains a consistent performance in poor visibility conditions.
 Maintains a continuous performance during road turns and elevation
changes.
 Alerts drivers by way of automatic braking.
 ADVANTAGES

 It’s very useful for long driving.

 The driver is relieved from the task of careful acceleration,
deceleration and braking in congested traffics.
 Can avoid unconsciously violating speed limits.
 Reduction in accident rate.
 Reduction in driver fatigue.
 Increased fuel efficiency
 DISADVANTAGES

 Cost
 Not for heavy traffic
 Dangerous in slippery roads
 Encourages the driver to become careless.
 The ACC systems not respond directly to the traffic signals.
 CONCLUSION

 The accidents caused by automobiles are injuring lakhs of people every

year.
 The safety measures starting from air bags and seat belts have now
reached to ACC and CACC systems.
 The researchers of Intelligent Vehicles Initiative in USA and the Ertico
program of Europe are working on technologies that may ultimately lead to
vehicles that are wrapped in a cocoon of sensors with a 360 –degree view
of their surroundings.
 FUTURE ASPECTS
 Co-Cooperative Adaptive cruise control or CACC is already being tested in
California .
 ACC respond to the distance and speed of the car ahead ,CACC communicate
with two or more cars and work together to avoid collision.
 Communication is quicker, reliable and responsive.
 REFERENCE
 S. Paul Sathiyan et al. (April, 2013), A Comprehensive review on Cruise
Control for Intelligent Vehicles. In: International Journal of Innovative
Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)
 Giulio Francesco Bianchi Piccinini et al. (2014), Driver's behavioral
adaptation to Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): The case of speed and time
headway
 Chandra Mouli Kandi,R.Jayalakshmi, Dr. K.Umapathy (2015),Concept of
Adaptive Cruise Control and Its Improved Versions (IJMER)
 Shigeharu Miyata,Takashi Nakagami,Sei
Kobayashi,TomojiIzumi,Hisayoshi Naito,Akira Yanou,Hitomi Nakamura,
and Shin Takehara(2010), Improvement of Adaptive Cruise Control
Performance
THANK YOU

Department of Mechanical Engineering