Maintenance technology addresses all the factors affecting

and requiring maintenance work. In the design and

commissioning stage, maintenance generators degrade the
building quality standard. The occurrence in a building can
be the result of numerous unrelated design choices,
inappropriate materials, inadequate load assessment and
poorly assessed exposure conditions. The building
maintenance factors are listed below:
 Design factors
 Human factor/the user
 Environmental factors
 Age of property/Building
 Quality and appropriateness of material used
 Faulty construction
 Faulty system
Design Factor

Design decision is vital for the volume of maintenance work

required by the completed building. The designers ' decision is vital. As
such, it is not possible to emphasize the designer's role in building
maintenance. Inherent design problems, like complex specifications,
misconceptions, improper load assessment, which will influence the
maintenance of the building in future.

Inappropriate materials result in the failure of the construction

component due to lack of knowledge of its characteristics and the
application of insufficient size of structural members. Faulty design will
cause the building structure to deteriorate faster. Sufficient attention to
future maintenance needs is essential to reduce maintenance problems at
the time of design
Human Factor/The User
The socio-cultural or economic factors may be human
factors. Socio-cultural factors can encompass a developer's
education level, the competence of professionals involved in
the design, structure and project management, and the
behaviour and culture of building users.
The desire for modernity in the area of the taste of
building owners without regard to the environmental
consequences can also lead to high maintenance costs. Two
aspects of human factor can be seen;
i) maintenance personnel lack of maintenance culture
ii) building abuse by the occupants
 Deterioration occurs because the maintenance staff lack a
suitable maintenance culture. The inappropriate budgeting or
inadequate allocation of financial resources does not provide the
necessary capital, thus hinders maintenance and leads to declines.
The building's users also deteriorate, which usually takes
several forms. Vandalism is one such way that the building and its
components, including its portals, windows, furniture, electric and
sanitary fittings, are deliberated damages and disfigured. Fehling
safety, the absence of users ' awareness of the need to keep the
surrounding area tidy and failure to repair vandal areas are some
of the causes of further building deterioration
Environmental Factors
The effects on the maintenance of buildings are soil
types, climate (sun, rain, dust), and vegetation. The size and
orientation of the building determine the gravity of these
environmental factors. The chemical content of the
atmosphere caused by pollution also impacts the
deterioration rate of a building's external finish. For
example, in areas near the sea, a building is exposed to
salty, moist sea breezes, leading to a chemical reaction to
exposed wall and to the roof. Some metabolic fittings may
also be affected by high humidity and rust may occur.
Age of building

The older the structure is, the more its maintenance is required. As a
building reaches full life, it quickly decreases and maintenance costs are usually
higher than in the initial stages of employment. The lives and property of the
users at the height of their construction life are tended to be endangered if they
are not removed in good time or if new premises are not demolished.

Faulty Construction/Poor Workmanship

The following factors cause maintenance problems during building life;

lack of supervision during construction, lack of adequate monitoring of the
work, lack of understanding and accuracy of the specifications / diagrams,
non-replacement of defective work, absence of skilled workers, excessive
emphasis on the need for quality and not quantity.
Faulty System
The designer's insufficient knowledge, insufficient
design details, the builders ' failure to comply with the
design specifications, inadequate system testing prior to
commencement of service, failure to comply with the
maintenance guidelines and the owner ' s failure to operate
the system as instructed can generate maintenance
problems in building structures.
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