OHSAS 18001 Awareness

Agenda

• What is Occupational Health & Safety

• Consequences of accident
• What is OHSAS
• Evolution of the OHSAS 18000 Series
• Umbrella of OHSAS 18000 Standards
• Benefit of OHSAS Systems
• Overview of cost due to lack of safety
• Understanding some key terms
• Understanding Hazard - Classification
• Understanding Hazard – Source examples
• Some of the Safety Acts & rules
• Understanding the risk assessment concept , it’s
parameter , Value assignment & process , Controls
• Emergency Procedure • Continued
Agenda

• Simplified model chart of OHSAS 18001

• OHSAS 18001 Framework & snapshot
• Some Work Specific Details
What is Occupational Health & Safety

Conditions and Factors that affect, or could

affect, the health and safety of employees
or other workers ( including temporary
workers and contractor personnel ) ,
visitors , or any other person in the
workplace
 Accidents results into

- Increased production/ execution cost

- Low production / progress
- Delay
- Spoilage
- Low morale
- Damage to the company reputation
- Injuries (Fatal / Non fatal)
- Damage & /or loss of machineries
 What is OHSAS
• Full form of OHSAS – Occupational Health & Safety
Assessment Series
• It is is a systematic practice of identifying potential for loss,
assessing the risks, making decisions on appropriate
controls, implementing and then monitoring the system to
control the loss.
• All of us are involved in some or other risk situations in our
daily life, e.g. driving a car, crossing a busy road, buying a
house, etc. involve a degree of risk which we assess in our
own way.
• Assessing the risk of work place demands that we are more
systematic in our approach and more defined in our
conclusions.
• The actions, which must be taken following a risk
assessment depend on the level of risk and will be driven by
Occupational Health and Safety Management System
Program & Policies
EVOLUTION OF THE OHSAS 18000 SERIES

• 1992 British Health & Safety Commission publishes

management of health and safety at work
• 1993 British Health and Safety Executive publishes
HS(G)65, successful health and safety management
• 1996 British standard BS 8800 launched, used as
model OHSMS
• 1999 OHSAS 18001 Specification published based on
BS8800
• 2000 OHSAS 18002 Guidelines published to assist in
the implementation of OHSAS 18001
• The management system model used in OHSAS 18001
is similar to the ISO 14001 model. (17 Elements)
• It is not an international standard like ISO 9001or ISO
14001
• Revised in year 2007
Umbrella of OHSAS Standards

•OHSAS 18001: Specifications for OH&S Management

Systems

•OHSAS 18002: Guidance for OH&S Management

Systems

•OHSAS 18003: Criteria for auditors of OH&S

Management Systems
 Benefits of OHSAS Systems

• Potential reduction in the number of accidents

• Potential reduction in downtime and associated costs
• Demonstration of legal and regulatory compliance
• Demonstration of commitment to stakeholders
• Demonstration of innovative, forward thinking
approach
• Increased access to new customers and business
• Better management of risks, now and in the future
• Potential reduced public liability insurance costs
 Overview of Cost Due to lack of Safety

• investigation time,
•wages paid for lost time,
•training replacements,
•extra supervisory and clerical time,
•Asset repair / replacement
•decreased output of worker upon return
•the loss of business and goodwill
 Understanding some key terms

• Hazards - Source or situation with a potential for harm in

terms of human injury or ill health, damage in property,
damage to the workplace environment, or a combination
of these
• Risk - Combination of the likelihood and consequence of a
specified hazardous event occurring
• Risk Assessment - Overall process of estimating the
magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is
tolerable
• Accident - Undesired event giving rise to death, ill health,
injury, damage or other loss
• Ill Health - identifiable, adverse physical or mental
condition arising from and/or made worse by a work
activity and/or work-related situation
• Incident - Event that gave rise to an accident or had the
potential to lead to an accident (including near miss )
Understanding Hazards – Classification

Physical (Source - electrical , mechanical )

Physiological / psychological

Chemical

Behavioural

Biological
Understanding Hazards – Physical

Electricity: leakage, statics, sparks

Noise
Vibration
Radiation: x-ray,αparticle,βparticle, UV, laser
Fire
Extreme high/low temperature
Dusts
Fall from heights
Ambient: lighting, ventilation, temperature

More details about Electrical & Mechanical

 Understanding Hazards – Chemical

• Most chemicals are hazardous, though the degree of

hazard varies considerably. About 60,000 chemicals are
now in common use. The extent of risk depends on the
properties of the materials stores and processed, their
inventory and the processes to which they are subjected,
like high pressure, oxidation, hydrogenation, etc.
Hazardous chemicals have been classified into following
nine groups, in decreasing order of hazard. Toxic
• Toxic
• Poisonous liquids / solids /gases
• Corrosive
• Explosive
• Flammable (Classified as A / B depending flashpoint)
• Combustible solids
• Radiation material
Understanding Hazards – Biological

Bacteria / viruses
Epidemics
Poisonous flora and fauna
Microbiological infection
Food Poisoning
 Understanding Hazards
– Physiological / Psychological

Manual handling
Ill health
Work in sensitive environment (e.g. funeral home)
Mental abnormalities
Physical handicap (color blind、deaf)
 Understanding Hazards – Behavioural

Errors in directing
Errors in operating
Errors in supervising
 Some of the Safety Acts & Rules

• Factories Act, 1948

• Environmental Protection Act and Rules, 1986
• Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 & Subsequent
Amendments
• Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981
• Petroleum Act, 1934
• Petroleum Rules, 1976
• Indian Boilers Act, 1923
• Indian Explosives Act 1884
 Understanding Risk Assessment Concept

• Risk Assessment A Definition - Overall process of estimating the

magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable
• Assessment of risk requires answers to the following questions
– What can go wrong?
– How serious would it be?
– How likely is it to happen?
– What would we do about it?
• Risk Assessment provides a tangible basis on which to determine
– whether or not we can live with and tolerate the risk
– if we cannot, what will be the cost of reducing or eliminating the risk
– how can we prioritize for best benefits with least cost.
• Who can do this most effectively?
– the management team
– employees of the organization
– may also involve regulatory authorities,
– may take help of risk analysts and external consultants
 Risk Assessment Parameters
• Risk Value (RV) depends on following parameter & is computed
as product of it
A – Nature of repetition of activity
B – Probability of occurrence of hazard
C – Severity of consequences
D – No of People exposed to hazard
• Risk Value for Individual RV-i = A x B x C
• Risk Value for Group RV-g = A x B X C X D
• There are three different approaches
– Job specific ( done activity wise – for particular job position )
– Process / Work specific ( done process operation step wise )
– Asset Specific ( done operation wise for various operation of asset)
• Ideally organization can do all three approaches to ensure nothing
left to cover
• Other wise at least carry out with one approach. Here approach is
selected based on the nature of industry segment
 Assigning Value to Parameter
A B C
1 Rarely – Doing the Extremely unlikely Very minor injuries
particular job activity if cured through first aid
situation arises only
2 Sometimes – Between Unlikely based on Minor injuries cured
5 to 20 % of the duty history through doctor
doing the particular job attention
activity
3 Often – Between 20 to Possible Major injuries cured
70 % of the duty doing through hospitalization
the particular job
activity
4 Mostly – more than 70 likely based on history Resulting in loss of
% of the duty doing the body parts leading to
particular job activity disability
5 Always – Continuously Extremely likley Loss of life
doing the particular job
activity
 Risk Assessment Process
• Explore the Hazards
• Analyze the hazards & assign values to A, B, C , D
• Compute the Risk Value RV-i , RV-g
• List out the exiting risk controls in place and re-assign the values
to A , B, C , D
• Now again compute risk value , which is present risk value
• Compare with tolerable value for present RV-i , RV-g ( Most
commonly for parameter assigned on scale of 1 to 5 , tolerable
value RV-i is 25 & RV-g is 75 )
• If it is more than tolerable value , determine the necessary control
• Post additional control , once again assign the values for A , B , C
, D and compute the risk value. This is called as residual risk
value
• This residual risk value is to accepted by the management
 Risk Controls
• Hierarchy of Control
– Design & Process Changes
– Engineering Control
– Administrative & Procedure Control
– Safety Equipment
– PPE
– Emergency Response
• Examples of Operation Controls
– Procedures
– Rules
– Administrative controls
– Licenses
– Permit-to-Work
– Signage
– Colour-coding
– PPE
Risk Assessment at snap shot
 Risk Controls more insight
• ELIMINATING UNSAFE CONDITIONS
– Safeguarding all machines, equipment, work space
– Rectifying or preventing defective conditions
– Suitable and safe design and construction
– Safe arrangements processes methods of work, etc
– Adequate and suitable illumination
– Adequate and suitable ventilation
– Safe dress and personal protective equipment
• DISCOVERING CAUSES
– Job safety analysis
– Investigation of accidents
– Inspection of plant and equipment
– Recording and tabulation of data
– Analysis of data
• ELIMINATING UNSAFE ACTIONS
– Personal adjustment
– Safety education
– Supervision
– Discipline
 Emergency Procedure
• Response Plan for a major emergency
– Does it exist and is it well known and understood
– Liaison with local services – e.g. Fire Service?
• Internal Emergency Actions
– Whom to contact & their contact nos
– Fire fighters – trained? equipped?
– First aiders – availability and training
– Evacuation drill – clearly posted? practiced?
• Notifications – to management, authorities, local
services
– Nominated person? Standard routine?
Simplified model chart of OHSAS 18001

CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT IN OHS PERFORMANCE

POLICY OBJECTIVES PROGRAMME

REVIEW
MONITOR
Legal & Other
requirements
Tolerable
Control
Identify or
Assess Risks Measures
Hazards Intolerable
Corrective &
Eliminate Residual Preventitive
Risk Risk Action

INTERNAL AUDIT
OHSAS 18001 Framework & snapshot

1. OH&S Policy
1.1. The Health & Safety Policy
Continual 2. Planning
Continu 2.1. Planning for hazard identification, risk
Improvement assessment and control
Improvem
al 2.2. Legal and other requirements
ent 2.3. Objectives
2.4. OH&S management programme(s)
3. Implementation and Operation
3.1. Structure and responsibility
Status 3.2. Training, awareness and competence
OHS Policy 3.3. Consultation and Communication
Review
OHS
OHS Policy 3.4. Documentation
Management 3.5. Document and data control
Manageme
Review Policy
Planning 3.6. Operational Control
Revie
nt Plannin
Planning 3.7. Emergency preparedness and response
w 4. Checking and Corrective Action
Checking & g
Implementation 4.1. Performance measurement and monitoring
Implementation
Checking
Corrective & Operation
& Operation
4.2. Accidents, incidents, non-conformances
Correctiv
Action
& and corrective and preventative action
Actio
e 4.3. Records and record management
n 4.4. Audit
5. Management Review
5.1. Management Review
 Some Work Specific Details
• Excavation - Trenching
• Use of PPE (x) - Site work
• Fire response Control - Site work / Office
• Fire Exit Routes - Office
• Electrical ( General Use ) - Site work / Office
• Hand Power Tools - Site work
• Electrical Construction – Site Work
• Hazard Communication – Beware of u/g utilities
danger labels
• Computer Office Work - Office work
• Machine Guarding
• Material Handling – Site Work • Continued
 Some Work Specific Details
• Scaffolding – Site Work
• Forklift PIT (Power Industrial Truck)
• Cranes
• Stairs & Ladders – Site Work
• Walking Work Surfaces – Site Work
• Flammable - – Site Work (Disel / Oil Storage)
• Work Violence
• Safety & Health
• Record Keeping and Incidence Reporting
• Small Construction Site
• Construction Site
Concluding

Quick Glance at Agenda

Any
Questions
Queries
Doubts