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The document discusses monitoring and evaluation of businesses and effective management of small businesses. It covers key aspects of monitoring like establishing indicators, collecting and analyzing information, and using it for management. Different types of evaluation are mentioned like self-evaluation, participatory evaluation, and external evaluation. Causes and impacts of industrial sickness are outlined. Various government schemes and committees for revival of sick industries are also summarized.
The document discusses monitoring and evaluation of businesses and effective management of small businesses. It covers key aspects of monitoring like establishing indicators, collecting and analyzing information, and using it for management. Different types of evaluation are mentioned like self-evaluation, participatory evaluation, and external evaluation. Causes and impacts of industrial sickness are outlined. Various government schemes and committees for revival of sick industries are also summarized.
The document discusses monitoring and evaluation of businesses and effective management of small businesses. It covers key aspects of monitoring like establishing indicators, collecting and analyzing information, and using it for management. Different types of evaluation are mentioned like self-evaluation, participatory evaluation, and external evaluation. Causes and impacts of industrial sickness are outlined. Various government schemes and committees for revival of sick industries are also summarized.
Preventing sickness and Rehabilitation of Business units. Effective management of small Business. Monitoring is the systematic collection and analysis of information as a project progresses. It is aimed at improving; Efficiency Effectiveness Impact Help you identify problems and their causes Suggest possible solutions to problems Raise questions about assumptions and strategy Push you to reflect on where you are going and how you are getting there Provide you with information and insight Encourage you to act on the information and insight Increase the likelihood that you will make a positive development difference Establishing indicators (See Glossary of Terms) of efficiency, effectiveness and impact Setting up systems to collect information relating to these indicator Collecting and recording the information Analyzing the information Using the information to inform day-to-day management. Self-evaluation Participatory evaluation Rapid Participatory Appraisal External evaluation Interactive evaluation Familiar Comfortable Preciseness and acceptance Less cost Drawing positive conclusions No specific training Opportunity cost An understanding of development issues. An understanding of organisational issues. Experience in evaluating development projects, programmes or organisations. A good track record with previous clients. Research skills. A commitment to quality. A commitment to deadlines. Objectivity, honesty and fairness. Logic and the ability to operate systematically. Ability to communicate verbally and in writing. Fulfilling objectivity Expertise Chances of getting true information Reliable Lack of understanding Lack of openness Costly Were the goals achieved? Efficiently? What are all the outcomes? What value do they have? Independent determination of needs and standards to judge project worth. Qualitative and quantitative techniques to uncover any possible results. Expert judgement Use of expertise. How does an outside professional rate this project? Critical review based on experience, informal surveying, and subjective insights Which is not healthy Healthy denotes reasonable profit, return on capital employed, maintains appropriate reserves etc “Industrial company(being a company registered for not less than five years) which has at the end of any financial year accumulated loss equal to or exceeding its entire net worth and which has also suffered cash losses in such a financial year immediately preceding such financial year”. “ A sick unit is that which has incurred a cash loss for one year and is likely to continue incurring losses for the current year as well as in the following year and the unit has an Imbalance in its financial structure”
BY THE COMPANIES(SECOND AMENDMENT) ACT, 2002
Which has accumulated losses in any financial year to
50 percent or more of its average net worth during four years immediately preceding the financial year in question, or Which has failed to repay its debts within any three consecutive quarters on demand for repayment by its creditors. Continuous decline in gross output compared to the previous two financial years.
Delays in repayment of institutional loan, for
more than 12 months.
Erosion in the net worth to the extent of 50
percent of the net worth during theprevious accounting year. Decline In Capacity Utilization Shortage Of Liquid Funds Inventories In Excessive Quantities Irregularity In Maintaining The Bank Accounts Frequent Break Downs In Plant & Equipments Decline In The Quality Of Products Frequent Turnover Of Personnel Technical Deficiency Shortage of cash Deteriorating financial ratios Continuous decline in prices of shares Delay in audit of annual accounts Delay and default in the payment of statutory dues morale degradation of employees Debt /external fund increase Internal causes
Inappropriate Financial Structure
Poor Utilization Of Assets Inefficient Working Capital Management Lack Of Proper Costing And Pricing Absence Of Financing, Planning & Budgeting Improper Utilization Or Diversion Of Funds Improper Credit Facilities Delay In Advancing Of Funds Unfavourable Investment Climate Shortage Of Inputs Import Restrictions On Essential Inputs Change In International Marketing Scene Excessive Taxation Policy Of Government Market Recession Huge financial losses to the banks & financial institutions Loss to employment opportunities Emergence of industrial unrest Adverse effect on perspective investors and entrepreneurs Wastages of scarce resources Loss of revenue to government Planning Techniques of production Training Infrastructural facilities Supply of raw materials Credit arrangements Marketing arrangements Viability study is conducted:
Development of a suitable management information system
A settlement with the creditors for payment of their dues in a phased
manner, taking into account the expected cash generation as per viability study
Determination of the sources of additional funds needed to refinance.
Modernization of plant and equipment or expansion of an existing
programme or even diversification of the products being manufactured.
Concession or reliefs or assistance to be allowed by the state level
corporation ,financial institutions and central government. 1. The Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) in 1948 - to provide medium & long-term credits to the public sector limited companies in order to facilitate post-war rehabilitation & development.
2. The State Financial Corporations (SFC)
were established at state level in 1951 to supplement the work of IFCI by financing medium and small-scale industrial concerns. 3. Industrial Reconstruction Corporation of India or (IRCI) was set up with its head quarters at Calcutta in 1971 The control measures adopted by IRCI included i. transfer of major shares in the name of IRCI ii. appointment of IRCI nominees in the Board of Directors of the sick unit iii. appointment of personnel and nominees in key managerial post and purchase/sales committees iv. frequent plant and factory inspections and so on. 4. Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 was further amended in 1971 - empowering the Central Government to take over industrial undertakings which special emphasis on sick units. 5. Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) 1973 – limited the share of foreign companies to 40% of the total capital. 7. The Reserve Bank of India set up Tandon Committee, in 1975- guideline was laid down governing the participation of banks in the management of various sick industries.
Further the government came up with several
industrial policies in order to revive the sick units Introduced in 1976 to provide financial assistance to five selected industries (jute, cotton, cement, textile and sugar) on concessional terms for modernization & rehabilitation of their old machineries. Was Being operated by the IDBI in collaboration with IFCI & ICICI. In 1984 this scheme was modified into soft loan scheme for modernization –all categories of industries are eligible for financial assistance for up gradation of process/technologies/product, export orientation/import substitution, energy saving, anti-pollution measures and improvement in productivity For merger of sick units with the healthy ones Healthy was allowed to carry forward and set off the accumulated losses & unabsorbed depreciation of the sick unit against its own tax incidence. Sick units to be eligible for merger should have >100 employees & assets worth >50 lakh. Government has from time to time formulated several committees like the Standing Committee On Industrial Sickness, State Level Inter-Institutional Committee, Guidance Committee & others to examine the problems of growing industrial Sickness Various provisions for the revival of the sick industries were introduced like The Relief Undertaking Act, Sec 72(a) Of The Income Tax Act, IRBI Act Of 1984,SICA 1985, and others. Effective Management Tasks for the Self- Employed Effective Management Tasks for the Employer. ( For more clarifications refer KV notes)
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