VOIP

OVERVIE
W AT NIT
HAMIRPU
R
WHAT IS VOICE OVER INTERNET
PROTOCOL?

IP
IP
Network
Network

Conversion of sound into digital signal

Encapsulation in IP packet
Transport over network
De-encapsulation and reconversion of digital signal into sound
WHY OVER IP?
 1. IP networking uses a common platform for all services

 Information format
 Switching hardware
 Wiring

 End-user hardware
 Experience
WHY OVER IP?

2. Lower Cost
 VOIP costs less than equivalent service from traditional sources

 Users see VoIP phone calls (even international) as FREE

 3. Make & Receive calls anywhere

 just...

 Connect to the internet

 and...

 Enjoy 
VOICE OVER IP - THE BASICS
 Most implementations use H.323 protocol
 Same protocol that is used for IP video.

 Uses TCP for call setup

 Traffic is actually carried on RTP (Real Time Protocol)

which runs on top of UDP.

VOIP PROTOCOLS
 H.323 Multimedia Standard
 H.225 RAS - Registration, Admission, Status

 Q.931 - Call Signaling (Setup & Termination)

 H.245 - Call Control (Preferences, Flow Control, etc.)

 Lots of G.7XX CODECS for audio

 SIP – Session Initialization Protocol

HOW THEY FIT IN: THE ISO MODEL
ISO Model Layer Protocol or Standard

Presentation Applications / CODECS

Session H.323 & SIP

Transport RTP / UDP / TCP

Network Internet Protocol

Data Link ATM, PPP, Ethernet
 How does VoIP work?

VoIP
ATA Router Internet Service
Provider

VoIP using an IP Phone

VoIP
Router Internet Service
Provider
 VOIP SOLUTION COMPONENTS
 VoIP Phones
from which user initiate and receive call
 Call processing server(PBX)
which manages all VoIP control connections
 Media gateways
convert voice content for transport over IP network
 IP network
transports the audio payload
 Session Border controllers
controls real time session based traffic at the signaling and
transport layers
STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING VOIP N/W

 Simple toll bypass

requires little or no change to adjusting PBX,

Cabling and handsets
 Total IP telephony
no need to change the existing cabling or handset but
upgrade the PBX
VOIP AT NIT HAMIRPUR
 VoIP service providers –(BSNL,AIRTEL)
 Supplying each 2Mbps link

supporting 1000 VoIP lines and 32 analog

lines simultaneously
HARDWARE
 VoIP interface cards for PCs
 VoIP telephones
 VoIP switches (Alcatel core – 8800 series)
 VoIP gateways
 VoIP Routers (CISCO)
 VoIP PBX server(Alcatel omniPCX 4400)
ALCATEL OMNIPCX 4400
Has 8 card
 CB16O -power supply
 NPRAE -user Interface Card, supports 2 E1 PRI
 CPU 6 -Processes system applications & generates
clock signal
 EZ 32 -Analog support card supports 32 lines
 MMSFD -Master slave configuration for taking backup
files
 2nd CPU6 -stand by server

 GPA2 -offers voice processing detection, generation

of tones and multi party conferences
 INT-IP2 -performs voice compression decompression
packetization and depacketization
ADDITIONAL FEATURES
 TFTP server - Trivial file transfer protocol downloads the
IP entity software into flash memory
 DHCP Server- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
automatically assigns the IP parameters when
the IP telephone installed without requiring system
involvement. Also provides the media gateway
to other IP devices
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.tech-faq.com/voip-hardware.html
 www.communications.howstuffworks.com/ip-telephony.html

 http://en.winkipedia.org/wiki/voice_over_internet_protocol

 www.alcatel-lucent.com

 www.nitham.ac.in/cc/index.html