Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising approximately 17, 500 islands. Philippine and AsianMusic 2 With over 238 million, Indonesia is the world’s fourth most populous country and is the fourth biggest nation of the world.
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Contemporary Music Today, the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular not only in the region but also in the neighboring countries.
Indonesian Music, the music of the
peoples of the islands of the Indonesian Archipelago.
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Generally, these gong-and-drum ensembles accompany ritual and religious activities. Throughout the islands, historical and religious epics are sung, and they are often accompanied by a stringed instrument or a flute. Another common element is the belief that music is a means of communicating with unseen powers.
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There are two basic kinds of Indonesian Music Scale 1. Slendro – has five notes with equal distance per octave.
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2. Pelog – has seven pitches per octave.
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Philippine and AsianMusic 8 Gamelan music
The GAMELAN MUSIC when heard
is POLYPHONIC it’s because they used the common technique in playing the gongs which is interlocking or inter- connecting of sounds.
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TEMPO is a very popular Italian term used in music. It means TIME or the timing of the song, the flow, or the beat.
In Indonesia, tempo is called IRAMA.
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The Gamelan Orchestra – is the most popular form of music in indonesia. The word gamelan comes from the javanese word gamel, which means a hammer.
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• The main instruments in the gamelan orchestra : – Gongs – Bronze Xylophones – Drums – Flutes – Zithers
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GONGS
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Bronzexylophones
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drums
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Flutes
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zithers
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The gamelan performs both in an instrumental role as well as in supportive role for dance and puppet performance.
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Vocal Music is usually important with gamelan but its role is for ornamentation purposes only of the gamelan.
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Types of vocal music
The most common interpretation of musical
composition is SINGING.
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1. PEDINDHEN – is a female soloist singer who sings with a gamelan.
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2. GERONG – this refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan.
3. BERONG BECAYAN – this is a mixed
chorus.
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Three major gamelan styles in indonesia
It is based on : 1. Sundanese Culture 2. Central Javanese Culture 3. Balinese Culture
The BALINESE form, gamelan gong
kebyar, has a faster tempo than the others.
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Traditional gamelan of bali
The Island of BALI has a long and rich
tradition of gamelan music. The gamelan is a large ensemble, consisting up to 40 musicians playing varying sizes of gongs, xylophones, and drums. It performs for traditional occasions and ceremonies.
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The Gong Gede – is the oldest and largest of the gamelan orchestras in BALI. - it was also used to accompany ritual dances and war dances.
Today, nearly every village has at least
one gamelan orchestra.
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Music in BALI – Culture of the Balinese The people of Bali hold a special place in their heart for music and traditional Balinese gamelan has won fans around the globe. The origins of Balinese music are said to be traced back to java around 230 AD. It is said to have been originally developed in Java as a means to summon the gods.
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Function of Music Balinese gamelan is closely associated with the local religious tradition – therefore this music is performed during: 1. Important religious ceremony 2. Rituals 3. Feasts 4. Wedding Ceremony 5. Balinese shadow puppet shows (wayang kulit) Philippine and AsianMusic 27 Balinese Gamelan Instruments 1. CENG CENG
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2. GONGS
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3. GANGSAS
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4. KENDANG
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5. REYONG
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6. TROMPONG
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7. REBAB
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CLASSICAL GAMELAN OF JAVA
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KARAWITAN – is the term used for every kind of gamelan music in Java.
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FUNCTIONS OF GAMELAN ORCHESTRAS 1. They are used to accompany dances and Wayang kulit (Puppet shadow). 2. They are believed to possesssupernatural powers. 3. Their instruments are considered sacred therefore stepping over the instrument is asign of disrespect. 4. The musicians take a bow to their instruments before they start playing to show respect. Philippine and AsianMusic 37 The chart below shows the difference between Balinese and Javanese Gamelan Orchestra
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• ANGKLUNG
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BURUNG KAKA TUA Traditional folk song of Indonesia – this isan Indonesian Song about a Parrot.