SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT & GRAMOTHAN

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
TRAFFIC STUDIES

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO: KRISHNA VERMA
NISHANT 15ESKCE053
SACHDEVA SECTION-A
(ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR)
CONTENTS
1. INTODUCTION
2. TRAFFIC STUDIES
a) TYPES OF TRAFFIC
 Traffic volume study:-
I. Speed study
II. O and D study
III. Traffic capacity study
IV. Accident study
INTRODUCTION
Traffic studies are carried out to analyse
the traffic characteristics. It helps in
geometric design and traffic control , which
tends to a safe and efficient traffic
movements.
The traffic studies for collection of data is
known as Traffic Census.
TRAFFIC OF TRAFFIC STUDIES
 Traffic volume study
 Speed study
 Origin and destination study
 Traffic flow characteristics study
 Traffic capacity study
 Parking study
 Accident study
TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY
Traffic volume study is the quantity of vehicles
crossing a section of a road per unit time at any
selected time or a period .
The uses of traffic studies are as follows :-
 Planning
 Traffic operation and control
 Traffic pattern
 Structural design of pavement
 Regulatory measures
METHODS OF VOLUME STUDY
 Automatically
 Manually
AUTOMATIC COUNTERS
Automatic counters are also known as
mechanical counters. They can
automatically record the total numbers of
vehicles crossing a section of the road in
desired period of time.
They include placing a tube or a loop
across a road which is connected to a box
containing the means of storing the
imformation
AUTOMATIC COUNTERS
 ADVANTAGES:-
It can work throughout the day and night
for desired period , which is impractical in
manual.

 DISADVANTAGE:-
It does’t give the detail of the traffic like
various classes , stream and turning
movement.
MANUALLY
 The manually method is the method in
which a group of peoples are trained to
record the total numbers of vehicles
crossing a section of a road in desired
period of time on record sheets
manually
MANUALLY
 ADVANTAGE:-
It gives the full detail of the traffic like
various classes, stream and turning
movement etc. of the vehicles.

 DISADVANTAGE:-
It cannot work throughout the day and
night for all days of year.
PRESENTATION OF VOLUME
STUDY DATA
The data can be presented by following
forms , they are:
 Annual average daily traffic (AADT or
ADT)
 Trends charts
 Variation charts
 Traffic flow maps
 Volume flow diagram
 Higgest hourly volume graph
SPEED STUDIES
The speed studies are the studies which
are carried out to know the general trends
in speeds.
They are classified into two groups:-
 Spot speed study
 Speed and delay study
SPOT SPEED STUDY
The speed at any spot at a particular
instant of time is known as spot speed
study of that point.
It may be used for following aspects:
 Planning traffic control and regulation
 Geometric design
 Accident studies
 Traffic capacity
 Speed trends
PRESENTATION OF SPOT SPEED
DATA
 Average speed of vehicles
 Cummulative speed of vehicles
 Modal average
 Vehicles type (2w , 3w , 4w)
SPEED AND DELAY STUDY
The speed and delay study gives :

 Running speed
 Overall speed
 Fluctuation in speed
 Delay between two stations
Methods of speed and delay
study
 Floating car method
 License plate method
 Interview technique method
 Elevated observation method
 Photographic technique method
ORIGIN AND DESTINATION STUDY

The technique is mainly observed by two

methods :

 Plan the road network and other

facilities for vehicular traffic.
 Plan the schedule of different modes of
transportation of trip demand.
METHODS OF O AND D STUDY

 Road side interview method

 License plate method
 Return postcard method
 Tag on car method
 Home interview method
 Work spot interview method
TRAFFIC CAPACITY STUDY
The study of traffic volume and traffic
density is known as traffic capacity study.

There are three types of capacity study:-

 Basic capacity
 Possible capacity
 Practical capacity
FACTORS AFFECTING TRAFFIC
CAPACITY
 Speed of leading and following vehicle.
 Type and characterstics of two vehicle.
 Driver characterstics of following
vehicle.
 Traffic volume capacity ratio.
 Proportion of vehicle classes.
 Road geometrics.
 Environmental factors.
ACCIDENT STUDY
Accident studies may be listed as:
 To study the cause of accident and
suggest corrective treatment at nearest
location.
 To evaluate existing design
 To support proposed design
 To make computation of financial loss
 To carry out before and after studies
ACCIDENT STUDY RECORD
 Collection of accidental data
 Accident report
 Accident record
 Condition diagram
 Collision diagram
 Accident investiagtion
 Analysis
CAUSES OF ACCIDENT
There are four basic element in traffic
accident:
 Road user
 Vehicle defects
 Road condition
 Environmental factor (weather)
 Driver
 Pedestrian
 Animals