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ZTE University
GSM-BSS Team
Objective
Antenna overview
Antenna specifications
Radio Waves
Blah blah
blah bl ah
Antenna overview
Definition
An Antenna is any
device used to collect or
radiate Electromagnetic
Waves
Antenna overview
DIPOLES
Wavelength
1/4 Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength
1/4 Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength
Dipole
1800MHz :166mm
900MHz :333mm
Antenna overview
• Single Monopole
• Patch Antenna
Base Tranceiver
Station Antenna
Mobile Phones
Antenna overview
Zero current
at each end
each tiny
imaginary “slice”
of the antenna
does its share
of radiating
TX Maximum current RX
at the middle
Current induced in
receiving antenna
is vector sum of
contribution of every
tiny “slice” of
radiating antenna
Width of band
denotes current
magnitude
Antenna Gain
Isotropic antenna
Antenna
(Overlook
Gain=10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBi
Antenna overview
0dBd = 2.15dBi
Dipole
Antenna overview
Reference
Antenna
Effective Radiated Power (ERP and EIRP)
apparent power in a particular direction. It is equal to A TX
actual transmitter power times antenna gain in that 100 W
direction.
Antenna Gain
= + 18 dBi EiRP = +39 + 18 = +57 dBm
jumper
-0.5dB
Ant Input
Power = + 39dBm
-3dB Heliax
Cable
jumper
Base Station
Transmitter -0.5dB
(20 watts)
+43 dBm
Content
Antenna overview
Antenna specifications
Principle of antenna selection
Antenna specifications
at at
Optimum 1/2 wavelength
890 960
for dipole at 925MHz
MHz MHz
Antenna
Dipole
Impedance
Antenna
Cable
50 ohms
50 ohms
Antenna specifications
Forward: 10W
50 ohms 80
ohms 9.5 W
Backward: 0.5W
Calculation of VSWR
VSWR1.5
= (VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1)
ReturnLoss = -20lg
Antenna specifications
Polarization
Vertical Horizontal
Space diversity
Antenna specifications
Polarization diversity
Types of antenna
Linear Polarization,vertical
X Polarization, 45
Antenna Radiation Pattern
The radiation pattern has several lobes; the strongest is called the
main lobe and the others are side lobes.
From the peak of the main lobe, the radiation will become weaker
and weaker as it spreads to the side. The angle between two
position which is 3dB below the peak is called beamwidth or half-
power angle.
The narrower the beamwidth, the better of concentration of the
radiation and the higher of the gain.
3dB Beamwidth
Peak - 3dB
Peak - 3dB
Horizontal 3dB Beamwidth
Typical 90
3dB
beamwidth
sketch map
Directional : Omni:
Antenna specifications
Bandwidth
Omni:360°
Omni-directional Directional
Antenna specifications
Omni-directional Directional
Antenna specifications
Omni-directional Directional
Antenna specifications
Input Signal
Down tilt
FRONT-TO-BACK Ratio
UP SIDELOBE (dB)
DOWN SIDELOBE
(dB)
Antenna specifications
Intermodulation
IMD@243dBm
f1, f2, 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1
• Continuous :25-1500watts
Isolation
10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB
Size
Weight
Radome material
Appearance and color
Working temperature
Storage temperature
Windload
Connector types
Package Size
Lightning Protection
Antenna specifications
Dimension
LWH
Length:connected with vertical bandwidth and gain
Weight
Radome materials
PVC, Fiberglass
Color
Good-looking
Environment-protecting
Antenna specifications
Temperature range
` Typical value:
` -40°C — +70°C
Page
Wind Load
Page
Page
Flat Plate Area
Page
Connector Type
` 7/16”DIN,
` N,
` SMA
` Female / Male
Page
Antenna specifications
Mast
Lightning protection
Direct Ground
Antenna specifications
Antenna types
Feeder cable
Jumper cable
Connector
7/16”DIN-F(DIN CONNECTOR)
7/16”DIN-M(DIN & N CONNECTOR)
Antenna specifications
Lightning arrestor
Rf port 2
Grounding
Antenna specifications
Accessories
Clamp
Earthing Kit
Wall Glands
Hoisting Stocking
Antenna system
Antenna
1/2 Jumper
7/8“ Cable
Grounding
Machine house
Grounding bar
Cabinet
Content
Antenna overview
Antenna specifications
Gain 15-16dBi
Environment features:
Loosely deployed BTS
light traffic
large coverage
Principle of antenna selection
directional
Direction
16-18dBi directional
Gain
or 9-11dBi omni
Environment features:
Low traffic
Focus on coverage.
Strip coverage
Two sectors
18dBi-22dBi
Gain
Environment features:
Block by mountains
Difficult to cover
Principle of antenna selection
Omni (9-11dBi)
Gain
Directional (15-18dBi)
Page
+45/900 -45/900
C 900/1800 C 900/1800
Page
ONE ANTENNA FOR MULTIPLE BANDS