Biomolecule

Ida Bagus Made Artadana

Element dan Atom
Atom
 Periodic table
Reduce in size but increase in electronegativity

in electronegativity
Inrease in size but reduce
Electronegativity is
the ability to attract
electron or the
ability to become
negative ion
Chemical Bonds and Interaction
Covalent bonds
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
The properties of water
Cohesion and adhesion force
Capillarity

Surface tension
The properties of water
High heat specific capacity High latent heat of vapourisation

Evaporative cooling
The properties of water
Specific mass is lower in solid form than liquid form
The properties of water
Solvation in water
 Ph, acid and base

Acid Base
Ph, acid and Base
Chemical group
Chemical group
 Macromolecule

• Large molecule

• Some of the are polymer

• Polymer: large molecule

made up of similar or
identical molecule called as
monomer
Synthesis and hydrolysis of polymer
Carbohydrate (CH2O)n
• Monosaccharide

• Disaccharide (Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide)

• Oligosaccharide
(Monosaccharide)n
• Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
• Simple sugar: 3C (Triose) - 6 C (Hexose)
• Two major groups:
Glucose: the example of hexose
Glucose: the example of hexose
The function of monosaccharide
• Common source of energy in the
cell
• Building block of larger molecule
such as:
• Disaccharide and polysaccharide
• Nucleic acid
Disaccharide
Disaccharide

Transport sugar in plant and common

sugar sell in the market.

Found in milk.

Result of starch digestion.

Reducing and non-reducing sugar
• All monosaccharide and some disaccharide are reducing sugar
• Sucrose is non-reducing sugar
Polysaccharides (Starch)
Starch is found in plant and composed of amylose and amylopectin
Polysaccharide (glycogen)
glycogen is found in animal. It has similar structure amylopectin
Why Animal and plant accumulate
polysaccharide in their cell?
• Glucose in the main source of energy in the cell

• Glucose accumulation will cause:

• Cell cytoplasm too concentrated and increase cell osmotic pressure.
• Glucose very reactive and able to inhibit some chemical reaction inside cell.
Polysaccharide (Cellulose)
Cellulose is the main skeleton of plant cell wall
 Lipid: a group of organic molecules which are
insoluble in water
The most common lipid are fat and
oil:

• Fat are solid in room

temperature

• Oil are liquid in room

temperature

• True lipid are ester formed from

the reaction of fatty acid and
alcohol
 Lipid

Three glyceride are ester

formed from fatty acid and
glycerol

Three glyceride insoluble in

water but soluble in organic
solvent
Lipid

Phospholipid
Protein
The function of protein in living organism:

Catalysator (enzyme) Receptor Protein transport

Hormone Oxygen carrier Storage Structural support

Protein
Amino acids are monomer of protein
All of them contains:
• Amino group
• Carboxyl group
• Central carbon
• Hydrogen atom
• And R group
Protein hierarchy
Primary structure Secondary structure
Protein
Tertiary structure
Protein
Protein
Quaternary structure
 Fibrous Protein
Protein

Globular Protein