Random Variables and

Probability Distribution
How do we use the
concept of Probability in
making decision?
Decision Making
 an important aspect in business, education,
insurance, and other real-life situations.
 Many decisions are made by assigning
probabilities to all possible outcomes pertaining
to the situation and then evaluating the result.
Lesson 1 Exploring Random
Variables
 Sample Space - The set of all
possible outcomes of an
experiment.
 Review
ENTRY CARD
List the sample space of the following experiment.
Experiment Sample
space
Tossing three coins
Rolling a die and tossing a coin simultaneously
Drawing a spade from a deck of cards
Getting a defective item when two items are randomly
selected from a box of two defective and three non-
defective items.
Drawing a card greater than 7 from a deck of cards.
Halimbawa
Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. We want to
find out the number of defective cell phones that occur. Thus,
to each outcomes in a sample space we shall assign a value.
These are 0, 1, 2, 3, If there is no defective cell phone, we
assign the number 0; if there is 1 defective cellphone, we
assign the number 1; if there are two defective cell phones, we
assign the number 2; and 3, if there are three defective cell
phones. The number of defective cell phones is a random
variable. The possible values of this random are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Activity1: Tossing three coins

Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be

the random variable representing the
number of tails that occur. Find the
values of the random variable Y.
Complete the table.
Activity 2: Drawing Balls
from an Urn
Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from an urn containing 5 red
balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random
variables representing the number of blue
balls. Find the values of the random variable
Z. Complete the table below.
Discrete Random Variable-
The set of possible outcomes
are countable.
Continuous Random Variable –
If it takes on values on
continuous scale. Hal. Heights,
weights and temperature.
 Lesson 2. Constructing Probability
Distributions
ENTRY CARD
Event (E) Probability
P(E)
Getting an even number in a single roll of a die
Getting the sum of 6 when two dice are rolled
Getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck.
Probability that all children are boys if a couple has three
children
Getting odd number and a tail when a die is rolled and a coin is
tossed simultaneously
Getting the sum of 11 when two dice are rolled
Getting a black card and a 10 when a card is drawn from a deck
Getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck.
Getting doubles when two dice a rolled
Getting a red ball from a box containing 3 red and 6 black balls
Halimbawa 1.
Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y
be the random variable representing
the number of tails that occur, Find
the probability of each values of
random variable Y.
Halimbawa 2
Two balls are drawn in succession without
replacement from an urn containing 5 red
balls and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the
random variable representing the number
of blue balls. Construct the probability of
the random variable Z.
Halimbawa 3.
Suppose three cell phones are tested at random. Let
D represent the defective cell phone and let N
represent the non- defective cellphone. If we let X
be the random variable from the number of
defective cell phones, construct the probability
distribution of the random variable X
Properties of a Probability
Distribution
 The probability of each value of the random
variable must be between or equal to 0 and 1.
Or 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝑥) ≤ 1.
 The sum of the probabilities of all values of the
random variable must be equal to 1 or
σ 𝑃 𝑥 = 1.
   End   