PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN

TWO VARIABLES
The most general form of a pair of
Linear Equations in two variable is:
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0;

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0;
Where a, b, c are real numbers and a
and b are not equal to 0.
 METHODS FOR REPRESENTING AND
SOLVING PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
The pair of Linear Equations in two
variables can be represented and
solved by the following methods:

a) Graphical Method

b) Algebraic Method
 GRAPHICAL METHOD
 The graph of a pair of linear equations in
two variables is represented by two lines.
 If the two lines intersect at a point then
that point gives a unique solution to the
two linear equations. The pair of linear
equations is then said to be consistent.
 If the two lines are parallel, the pair
of linear equations are said to be
inconsistent.
 GRAPHICAL METHOD
 If the lines coincide then there are
infinitely many solutions – each point
on the line being a solution.

In this case the pair of linear equations

is dependent (consistent)
 ALGEBRAIC METHOD
 There are several ways of solving the
pair of linear equations:

 Substitution Method

 Elimination Method

 Cross – Multiplication Method

 SUBSTITUTION METHOD
Let there be two equations:
x–y=1 ; 3x + 4 y = 10
 x = y + 1 …..(a)
(Put value of x from above in 2nd eq.)
 3 (y+1) + 4y = 10
 10 y = 10 ; y=1
Hence x = 2
 ELIMINATION METHOD
Let there be two equations:
x – y = 1 (Eq. 1) ; 3x + 4 y = 10
(Multiply Eq. 1 by 4)
 4x – 4y = 4 ………..(a)
3x + 4y = 10 .........(b)

 7x = 14 (On adding a and b)

x=2 ; y=1
COSS – MULTIPLICATION METHOD
Let there be two equations:
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ;
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ;

x y 1
b1 c1 a1 b1
b2 c2 a2 b2
COSS – MULTIPLICATION METHOD

x = y = 1
b1c2 – b2c1 c1a2 – c2a1 a 1b 2 – a 2b 1

This method of obtaining the solutions

to a pair of linear equations is also
known as Crammer’s Rule.
 COSS – MULTIPLICATION METHOD
Let there be two equations:
x – y - 1 =0 ; 3x + 4y -10 = 0
x = y = 1
b1c2 – b2c1 c1a2 – c2a1 a1b2 – a2b1
x = y = 1
(-1)(-10) – (4)(-1) (-1)(3)– (-10)(1) (1)(4) – (3)(-1)

x = y = 1 ; Thus x = 2 , y = 1
14 7 7