APPLIED MATHEMATICS

Systems of Linear Equations with two-Variables

 PRESENTATION PLAN

• Linear Equation with two-variables

• Systems of Linear Equations with two-
variables
• Procedures for solving Systems of Linear
Equations with two-variables
• Applications in real world
 What is Linear Equations with
two-variables?
A linear equation in two variable is an
first-degree equation that can be
written in the form:
ax + by = c
In this equation, a and b both are not be
zero, where a, b, and c are real
numbers.
 Types of Linear Equations with
two-variables

• Standard Linear Equation:

ax + by = c
For Example:
 Linear Equation:
2x + 5y = -5
 Not Linear Equation:
2x + 3xy – 4y = 10
 Systems of Linear Equations with
two-variables

A system of equations is a set consisting of more than

one equation.
In solving systems of equations, we are interested in
identifying values of the variables that satisfy all
equations in the system simultaneously. For example,
given the two equations
5x + 10y = 20
3x + 4y = 10
We may wish to identify any values of x and y which
satisfy both equations at the same time
 Solution Set:

Using set notation, we would want to identify

the solution set S, where

S = {(x,y)I5x + 10y = 20 and 3x + 4y = 10}

The set of all solutions to an equation is called

the solution set S to the equation. The
solution set S for a system of linear equations
may be a null set, a finite set, or an infinite
set.
 One way to characterize a system of
equations is by its dimensions.
What is dimensions???
If a system of equations consists of m equations and
n variables, we say that this system is “m by n”
system, or that it has dimensions m X n.
For example:
• A system of equations involving 2 equations and 2
variables is describes as having dimensions 2 X 2.
• A system consisting of 15 equations and 10
variables is said to be a (15 X 10) system.
 Procedures for Solving Systems
Linear Equations with two-variables

We can find the solution set in systems of

linear equations by different methods:

• Graphical Analysis
• Elimination Procedure
• Gaussian Elimination Method
 What are Graphical Solutions?

Graphical solutions approaches are

possible for two-variable systems of
equations. The graphical method is a
quick and simple means of finding an
approximate solution of two
simultaneous equations. Each equation
is graphed, and the point of
intersection of the two lines is read as
accurately as possible.
 Graphical Analysis

There are three types of solution set possibilities

in Graphical Method:

•Unique Solution
•No Solution
•Infinitely Many Solutions
Graphical Representation:
 No Solution or “Inconsistent”

If two lines are parallel to each

other. That parallel lines have
the same slope; and provided
that they have different y
intercepts, the lines have no
points in common. If a (2 x 2)
system of equations has these
characteristics, the system is
said to have no solution. That
is, there are no values for the
variables which satisfy both
equations. The equation in such
a system are said to be
inconsistent.
 Unique or One Solution

If two lines intersect each

other. The coordinates of the
point of intersection(x,y)
represent the solution for the
system of equations, i.e., the
pair of values for x and y which
satisfy both equations. When
there is just one pair of values
for the variables which satisfy
the system of equations, the
system is said to have a unique
solution.
 Infinitely Many Solution

In this case both equations

graph as the same line, and
they are considered to be
equivalent equations. An
infinite number of points are
common to the two lines, and
the system is said to have
infinitely many solutions.
Being represented by the same
line implies that both lines
have the same slope and same
y intercept.
Graphical Solutions:
 Elimination
Procedures???
 Objectives
• Learn the procedure of the Elimination
Method using addition
• Learn the procedure of the Elimination
Method using multiplication
• Solving systems of equations using the
Elimination Method
Generally
Figure: Elimination Procedure for (2 X 2) Systems
Figure: Elimination Procedure for (m X 2) Systems, m > 2
 Example 1:
6x – 12y =24 …………….. (1)
-1.5x = 3y = 9 ………........ (2)
Solution:
Multiplying Eq. (2) by 4 and adding this multiple to Eq. (1) yields

6x – 12y = 24 …..... (1)

[4 . Eq. (2)] - 6x + 12y = 36 …….(2 a)
0x + 0y = 60
or 0 = 60

Since 0 = 60 is a false statement, there is no solution to the system of

equations.
 Example 2:
x + 2y = 8 …………………. (1)
2x – 3y = -5 …………………. (2)
-5x + 6y = 8 .……………….... (3)
x + y = 7 ………………..... (4)
Solution:
The (2 x 2) system consisting of Eqs. (1) and (2) is solved by multiplying Eq.
(1) by -2 and adding it to Eq. (2), or
-2x – 4y = -16
[-2 . Eq. (1)] 2x – 3y = -5
-7y = -21
y=3
Substituting back into Eq. (1) yields
x + 2(3) = 8
Or x=2
The solution (2 , 3) is tested by substituting into Eq. (3). Snice
-5(2) + 6(3) = 8
or 8=8
The point (2 , 3) satisfies the first three equations. Substituting into
Eq. (4) gives
2+3 7
Or 5 7
Since (2 , 3) does not satisfy Eq(4), there is no unique solution
for the system of equations.
Graphical Solution:
 EXAMPLE
Elimination by Addition
 Elimination using Addition
Consider the system
x - 2y = 5 Lets add both equations
2x + 2y = 7 to each other

REMEMBER: We are trying to find the

Point of Intersection. (x, y)
 Elimination using Addition
Consider the system
x - 2y = 5 Lets add both equations
+ 2x + 2y = 7 to each other

NOTE: We use the Elimination Method, if we can immediately

cancel out two like terms.
 Elimination using Addition
Consider the system
x - 2y = 5 Lets add both equations
+ 2x + 2y = 7 to each other
3x = 12
x=4 

ANS: (4, y)

NOTE: We use the Elimination Method, if we can immediately

cancel out two like terms.
 Elimination using Addition
Consider the system
x - 2y = 5 Lets substitute x = 4 into this
equation.
2x + 2y = 7

4 - 2y = 5 Solve for y
- 2y = 1
y= 1 
2
ANS: (4, y)

NOTE: We use the Elimination Method, if we can immediately

cancel out two like terms.
 Elimination using Addition
Consider the system
x - 2y = 5 Lets substitute x = 4 into this
equation.
2x + 2y = 7

4 - 2y = 5 Solve for y
- 2y = 1
y= 1 
2 1
ANS: (4, 2 )

NOTE: We use the Elimination Method, if we can immediately

cancel out two like terms.
 Practice Work
(1) -3x =y+2
9x + 3y = -6

(2) 4x – 2y = 10
-2x + y =-5

(3) 12x – 4y = 18
-4x + y = 6
Understand???
Any Question ?
Thank you