Summer Training (2018) Project Report

Indian Railways
Jaipur

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

RAILWAY DEPARTMENT ROHIT DADHEECH
JAIPUR (RAJASTHAN) B.E, 3RD YR. ,ECE
M.B.M , JODHPUR
S.N CONTENTS

1. Railnet
2. Exchange
3. Optical Fiber Cable(OFC)
4. Passenger Reservation System(PRS)
5. Landline Communication
6. Data Logger
7. Passenger Information System
8. Test Room
 RAILNET

• Railnet is a computer network with restricted access.

• Railnet is a railway open system for quick data transmission using

resources at different places.

• It is purely under railways and information and data are collected at

the headquarter through different divisions and unit consisting of
main switch, web server, router, modem , LAN, and WAN
extenders and pc’s that are considered as nodes.

• Rail net is nothing but an interconnection and infrastructure

medium of different railway zone and division in the Indian
railway.
Block diagram of Railnet technology
 EXCHANGE

• It is a unit where different subscribers are connected according to their

requests through manual, electromechanical or electronic methods.

• Main Functions of Exchange:-

1. Switching : Switches the subscribers as per dialling codes.

2. Signalling : Dialled information is processed and information is passed

accordingly.

3. Controlling: Call establishment, metering, monitoring, releasing and

diagnostic features are handled.
a) Switching function :
Switching network provides a temporary path for simultaneous
bidirectional speech between:-
• Two subscribers connected to the same exchange – Local switching
• Two subscribers connected to the different exchanges- Trunk switching
• Pair of trunks towards different exchanges- Transit switching

b) Signalling function

It is of 2 types:-
• 1. Subscriber signalling :- It enables the exchange to identify calling subscriber line,
extend the ringing voltage to the called subscriber, ring back tone to the called
subscriber and if the called subscriber is busy , extend tone to the calling subscriber.

• Inter Exchange signalling:- It enables to setup , supervise and clear the call between
exchanges.
 Optical Fiber Cable(OFC)

• Optical Fibre communication means information is sent in the form of light beam
from one end to the another end.

• In the system a number of channels is multiplexed and electrical information is

converted into light beam and are transmitted to reach another end.

• At the other end , light beam is converted into electrical signal and passes through
a demultiplexing process.

• An optical fibre is a hair thin cylindrical fibre of glass or any transport dielectric
medium.

• The fibre which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of
transparent dielectrics.
 • Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long distances.

Advantages of Optical Fibre

• Low transmission loss and wide bandwidth

• Small size and weight
• Immunity to interference
• Electrical isolation
• Signal security
• Signal security
• Abundant raw material
• No crosstalk
 PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM (PRS)

• The Passenger Reservation System (PRS) is computerized reservation

system for any train from anywhere in country.

• This system has made the train journey quite comfortable.

• When PRS system was not developed a station could give the reservation
to the customer.

• Those train which get started from their station but after PRS get
installed the customer can get information about any train running in
India.

• The other facilities, which are offered by the PRS system, are the PNR
enquiry and the train accommodation availability .
• The system works both on the optical fiber cable and the microwave
communication at the data rate of 4.8 kbps or 9.6 kbps.

• The microwave system is the standby medium of the data transfer and the optical
fiber communication system is used as the main transmission path.

• The main system is programmed according to the types and trains and
compartments.

• There are mainly 4 servers in India. These are in New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai,
Mumbai and Secundrabad.

• The equipments used in PRS are:

a)Modem
b) Multiplexing equipment
c) End terminal
• Modem in PRS are used for communication between various computers or between
computers and terminals over ordinary or leased telephone lines.

• We can use modems to log on to micro, mini, main frame computer for line
processing. We can use them to connect two remote computers for data.
 Landline Communication

• The Indian railways has its own Landline communication system which cant be used by
any other department than railways.

• It can be used only by the railway officials for official and meaningful purposes for
transferring information containing useful information.

• All the stations are connected to each other for communication purposes through
landline communication system which uses the optical fibre cables for this purpose.

• The optical fibre cables are setup below the railway tracks connecting the stations.

• If some information has to be sent from one station to another , then, the siganls are sent
through these optical fibre cables.
 Data Logger

• A data logger is a microcontroller based device that can be used to store digital data
for failure analysis.

• A data logger is plug into parallel, serial, or USB port on our PC.

• It has a battery backed memory.

• It keeps record of every train that passes the railway station , the time of its arrival and
departure.

• Data logger system monitors the railway signalling by monitoring the status of relays
and data generated by processor based signalling equipment.

• Potential free contacts of relays are mined to data logger as input.

• Data logger also monitors power supplies.

• If any unusual data or fault is found in the memory then it is

immediately informed by the data logger department to the
respective department in charge .

• If the fault is not caught immediately , then by observing

the backup memory , it can be identified and be informed to
the respective department.

• The activity of a train can be seen on the monitors which

are set up in the data logger department that whether it is
crossing a station or moving in between the stations or is
stationary.
 Passenger Information System

• Passenger Information system is a department that takes care that the passenger should
stay updated and informed about any train of his concern, or about other informations
necessary inside a railway station.

• The speakers at the station, the CCTV cameras , the digital clock at the stations, the
digital charts showing the arrival and departure time of the trains are all part of passenger
information system.
• Updating the status of the trains online is also the job of the passenger information
system department.

DIGITAL DISPLAY BOARD SPEAKERS AT RAILWAY

STATIONS
 CCTV CAMERA

• CCTV cameras are of different types. Some cameras can display the view of 360
degrees, some can display a view of 180 degrees while some are stationary.

• Passenger information system also displays the coach number of a train that is going
to come at a specific place which is very helpful for the passengers and they can
stand in front of their respective coaches as displayed.
 Test Room

PRIMARY DIGITAL MULTIPLEXER CMUX 128

• It provides a cost effective solution for the interconnection of a whole range of voice
and data interfaces required in communications networks, where multiple locations are
connected over fat pipes and a small pipe has to be dropped at each location.

• Large enterprises like railways, army and utility companies who own their own
networks are users of this product segment.

• Economical, Scaleable and Reliable The unit can be easily configured as a Terminal,
Drop Insert, Non-blocking or Branching/Cross Connect Multiplex, simply by installing
the appropriate cards in the shelf.

• The multiplexer has cards which support a wide variety of interfaces.

.
• Channel cards are available for voice and data applications. The software-controllable
concept enables a powerful method for configuring the equipment.

• The flexibility of the CMUX 128 provides network operators the ability to configure all
performance parameters, including time slot assignment, gain level and data transmission
parameters either locally, using a PC/Laptop, or via the network.

• In both cases user-friendly software enables reconfiguration at any time, should the
requirements for voice and data transmission grow or change.

• All the settings are stored in a non-volatile memory that retains information even in power-
down conditions