STATISTICS AND GRAPH

With :
Anggun Puji N
Fitri Isnaini
@mrevily (1611050374)
(1611050334)
M. Revily Kesuma P (1611050248)
Nidya Amalia (1611050351)
Rizky Lolita Sari (1611050371)
Youlanda L. Man (1611050252)
STATISTICS and GRAPH

4. Purpose of 1.History
1.History Statistics

2. Understanding
Of Graphics
2. Understanding 5. Statistical According To

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Statistics
Function Experts

3. Purpose Of Graph
Making
3. Definition of
Statistics 6. Types Of
According to Statistics
Experts 4. Graph
Function

7. Descriptive 5. Types Of
Statistics Graphics
 Brief History of Statistics

Statistics starts as a way of counting to help governments who want to

know the wealth and the number of citizens in an effort to tax or even
fight. William the conqueror ordered a survey throughout the UK for
tax and military duties. The results of this survey are collected in a
collection called Domesday Book.

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 Understanding Statistics

The meaning of statistics is a set of methods and rules regarding the

collection, analysis, processing, and interpretation of data from
numbers that explain data or observations.

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Definition of Statistics According to
Experts

 Prof. Dr. Sudjana, M. A., M.Sc.

 Anderson & Bancroft

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 Prof. Dr. H. Agus Irianto
 Anto Dajan
 Croxton dan Cowden
 Purpose of Statistics

 To make a description or explain data

 To help make estimations of unknown values
 To make an estimate of the consequences of an accepted hypothesis
 To make it easier to understand.

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 Statistical Function

Statistics has two main functions are as follows;

 Descriptive function
 Inferential function

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 Types Of Statistics

 Based on discussion orientation

 Based on Phase and Purpose of Analysis
 Based on the Assumption of Data Population Distribution
 Based on the Amount of Bound Variables

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Descriptive Statistics
 Average (Mean) ( )
for population averages for sample averages

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Example :
Of the 11 pear trees produce fruit weighing as much as (in Kg):
330; 284; 326; 268; 236; 346; 326; 402; 374; 292; 380.
Calculate the average production of 11 pear trees?
Descriptive Statistics

 Average (Mean) ( )
If the data has been presented in group data such as in the
form of a frequency table then the average formula is as
follows:

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Descriptive Statistics

 Average (Mean) ( )
Example:
Calculate the average statistical value of 50 students in
Table 1 below.

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So the estimated average
statistical value of 50
students is 65.7.
Descriptive Statistics
 Median
Other middle values that may be options other than the
average are medians.
Median for group data:

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Descriptive Statistics
 Median
Example:
Calculate the median value from the group data in Table 1.

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Descriptive Statistics
 Modus
The concept of this mode is related to the repeated occurrence of an
observation value.

Example:

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Determine the mode from the data below, if any, specify the value.
a) 2, 3, 5, 7, 8.
b) 2, 5, 7, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12.
c) 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9.
Descriptive Statistics
 Modus
Mode for group data:
If the data has been grouped and presented in a frequency table, the mode has
the following formula:

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Descriptive Statistics
 Modus
Example
Calculate the mode value from the group data in Table 1.

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Descriptive Statistics
 Variance
The average of the difference in squares is a measure of deviation commonly
called the variance of observation. The symbol of variance in population size
is (read: sigma squared) and at sample size is s2.

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Descriptive Statistics
 Standard deviation
The root of the variance is called the standard deviation or standard deviation.
The standard deviation formula is as follows:

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Descriptive Statistics
 Standard deviation
Example:
if we use production data for 11 pear trees, the production variance is

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From the calculation results, the production variance from 11 pear trees is
2,575.2 kg. so the standard deviation of production is 50.75 kg.
Descriptive Statistics
 Standard deviation
Example:
We use a statistical value data of 50 students.

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Descriptive Statistics
 Coefficient of variation
For the purpose of comparing two groups of data without looking at the unit
size, a measure of variation can be used. which is called the variation
coefficient (CV). The CV formula is written as follows:

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If CV1> CV2 means the first data group is more varied or more
heterogeneous than the second group.
Descriptive Statistics
 Size of Distance Value (Range)

This method is known as Range.

“Range = Maximum value - Minimum value”

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Size Range for group data:
Range = Middle class last class - Middle value first class. Or
Range = Bonderi for the last class - Bonderi under the first class.
From the statistical data of 50 students in table 1, the value of the range is:
Range = 94.5 - 34.5 = 60 (this method tends to eliminate extreme values). Or
Range = 99,5 – 29,5 = 70.
History of Graph Theory
The basic idea of graphs were first introduced in the 18th century by Swiss
mathematician Leonhard Euler. His attempts & eventual solution to the
famous Königsberg bridge problem depicted below are commonly quoted
as origin of graph theory:

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The German city of Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad, Russia) is
situated on the Pregolya river. The geographical layout is composed of
four main bodies of land connected by a total of seven bridges.
Understanding Of Graphics According To
Experts
 Wai & Kaicher
 Wilson
 Selby
 Harper
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Purpose Of Graph Making
 To clarify the comparison between one data group and another group of
data.
 To show qualitative information quickly and simply.
 To simplify the comparison of data groups that were initially in the form
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of many descriptive and complex descriptions.
Graph Function
The graph function is to describe quantitative data another function is to
provide information about the development and comparison of a groupof
data from time to time quickly and clearly

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Types Of Graphics
 Bar Chart
 Line Graphics
 Circle Graphics

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