Major Parts/Casing

• DISASSEMBLY OF HP & IP CASING

HP/ IP Casing during manufacturing
• HP Outer Lower Casing
• HP Outer Upper Casing
• HP Inner Upper Casing

The horizontal joints are precisely finished to ensure the perfect steam
seal with close metal contact.
Low Pressure Casing
• LP Casing
• The low-pressure section consists of two double flow, low pressure
casings. The casings are a welded steel plate fabrication as opposed
to a casting which is used in the HP section. This is required since the
LP casing must withstand a vacuum instead of pressure. They are
supported by four support shims in the outer casing and keyed to
prevent vertical motion.
• Low pressure casing slides on the sole plates the sliding surfaces are
lubricated with grease

• Axial Key
• LP Casing
• Low pressure casing is fixed to the foundation with a key at the mid
span
• The casing is fixed to the foundation with a key at the mid span.
• Relief diaphragms and manholes are provided in the outer casing.
• The low pressure casing has an internal structure designed to reduce
resistance against steam flow.
• This serves as the starting point for the axial movement of the
casings.
• The turbine freely expands from this point.
• The Low pressure casing slides on the sole plates and the sliding
surfaces are lubricated with grease
• Alignment. The casing is aligned from the center. The feet have grease
fittings, so the casing slides and allows for thermal movement. Case is
anchored with axial centerline key.
• How true is the alignment if bolts are not tight? Bolts are only in place
for the casing to prevent seismic movement or catastrophic failure of
the machine
• Tighten bolts and wait 8 hours this allows the oil to escape. If you
have a soft foot (poor contact) this would allow for inaccurate
readings. Bearings will unload and cause shaft movement and
vibration.
General
Tandem compound double flow reheat turbine
• LP outer casing
• LP inner casing
• Cross over pipe
CROSS OVER PIPE

• •The crossover pipe is intended to guide the steam at the outlet of

intermediate pressure casing into low pressure casing. •Expansion
bellows are provided for reaction absorption due to elongation
difference
Turbine Rotor
• The turbine has a high-pressure rotor and two low-pressure rotors.
• The rotors are supported by eight journal bearings.
• The No.1 and No.2 bearings are in the high-pressure rotor section.
• Bearings No.3 and No.4 bearings are in the intermediate pressure
turbine section and the No. 5 thru No. 8 are in the low pressure hood
sections.
• The rotors are axially positioned by the thrust bearing in the
lowpressure section near the No.3 bearing.
• The high-pressure rotor and Intermediate-pressure rotor are made of Cr-
Mo-V alloy steel having great high-temperature and fatigue strength.
• The low-pressure rotor is made of Ni-Cr-Mo-V alloy steel having great
resistance to low temperature brittleness.
• Each rotor is forged from a solid alloy steel ingot and is machined to form
shaft, wheels, bearing journals, thrust collar and coupling flanges.
• After the blades are assembled, the rotor is carefully balanced by the
dynamic balance test.
• The balance weights are carefully fitted and securely fastened to the ports
and/or grooves that are machined on the rotor.
• A set of bolts have been balanced and assigned bolt number.
• If bolt substitution is necessary, substitute bolts must have equal weights
• The diameter of the studs for all couplings are machined smallerthan the
respective hole diameter.
• To prevent galling of rabbet fits during assembly or disassemblyof couplings
the coupling bolts and/or jacking bolts should be fastened in sequence.
• The contact surfaces of the coupling flanges, the spacer, the spacer gear
and the rabbet fit should be wiped clean before assembling.
• A light coating of "MOLYKOTE 1000" or "MOLYKOTE P37" should be applied
General
• HIP Rotor
• LP Rotor
Blades
1. Blades are produced with various types of construction.
These include:
•Integral Cover and Shroud
•Recessed Tenon with Multiple Fins
•Snubber Type with Hi-Lo Fins
•Conventional Tenon and Shroud Type
•Cover Segment/Lng and Sleeve.

2. The blade pitch construction is selected in accordance with the pressure

section the blade is situated in.
• Blades are made of chrome-iron alloy for
•Strength and fatigue properties.
•High resistance to steam corrosion and erosion
•Made from solid stock either as bar material or as forgings, and
dovetailed to the wheel rims by a tight machine fit.
•Steam leakage from the tip of blades is minimized and internal
efficiency of the turbine is improved.
Major Parts / Blade
RECESSED TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS and RECESSED
TENON TYPE BLADE with MULTIPLE TIP FINS and SNUBBER TYPE BLADE
with Hi SNUBBER TYPE BLADE with Hi-Lo TYPE TIP FINS Lo TYPE TIP
FINS
• CONTINUOUSLY COUPLED SNUBBER TYPE BLADE (IP Stages)
• STAGE EFFICIENCY
• COMPARISON OF TIP FINS
• RECESSED TENONS and STEPPED SHROUDS
• 1ststage Blade with Balance Holes
The balance holes in the blades are used to reduce the thrust force

Snubber blades with HI-Lo type fins are better at reducing leakage,
however their effectiveness is almost the same as the recessed tenon
type blade with a small number of fins. The snubber type blades are
used in stages where the differential expansion is relatively small.
Labyrinth Seal Design on Rotor / Snubber
Blade
First Stage Blades
• A wide frame section is selected for the first stage blades The integral
cover and shroud type design is adopted because: •Fluctuation of
steam force impact due to changes of load are strenuous. •Each
shroud comprises a plate that groups together four blades. •Toshiba
has extensive experience in turbine blade design. •Only the most
proven blade designs have been selected for turbines. •The integral
cover and shroud type design is the most reliable for the first stage
blades.
• Leading Edge of Blade
• The leading edge of the blade shroud provides a sealing surface that
uses a step seal. The rotor has grooves machined along the outer
periphery for blade attachment. The blades are held in place using a
rabbet fit.
Blade Shrou
Intermediate Stage Blade
• The last inserted blade is called the notch blade and is keyed to the
adjacent blades. The notch blade is also pinned through the wheel of
the dovetail
Snubber Type Blades

• Steam groove-reduces thrust force

Blades of the low pressure sections are longer than those of the
preceding sections. The L-1 blades have a fork type dovetail to support
larger centrifugal force and are connected together in groups at mid
height of the vane section, by lacing wire and at the tips by the
shrouds.
Low Pressure Stage Blades
• L-0 blades have a fork type dovetail and are connected to each other
in a circle at mid height by sleeves and at the tip by the cover
segments. This construction minimizes blade vibration and has been
used extensively by Toshiba for last stage blades.