CHEMICAL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS II

(3 SKS)

Prof. Andri Cahyo Kumoro, ST, MT, PhD

Prof. Dr. Widayat, ST ,MT

WEEK II
 ALL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEM
SOLVING STAGES WILL BE ROOTED FROM

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS

WHAT ARE THEY?

MASS BALANCE ECONOMIC Are not discussed

in Chem. Eng.
ENERGY BALANCE HUMANITY Math. II

MOMENTUM BALANCE
RATE PROCESSES
EQUILIBRIUM
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
ENERGY BALANCE
RULE to be applied: Energy Conservation Law
For Non-Reacting Systems
Rate of Input – Rate of Output ± (Rate of addition or Rate
of Loss) = Rate of Accumulation
For Reacting systems
Rate of Input – Rate of Output – Rate of Reaction ± (Rate
of addition or Rate of Loss) = Rate of Accumulation
Note:
Energy is presented in the form of energy flow (energy/time), either
in KJ/hr, J/min, Cal/s, etc.
Accumulation is the enthalpy remains inside the system at any time
Rate of input and Rate of Output are the continuous energy flow into
or exit the system
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
ENERGY BALANCE
The energy calculated in chemical engineering
application are mostly in the form of heat or enthalpy
There are two heats in general engineering calculations.
What are they?
Other heats include heat of reaction, heat of dissolution
etc.

Accumulation is the enthalpy remains inside the system at

any time or can be said as the change of sensible heat of the
material inside the system
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
ENERGY BALANCE
Sensible heat (Qs) : m. Cp. T
V. . Cp. (T-Tref)
however T ref is usually taken as 0oC

Latent Heat (QL): m. L where L usually in Cal/g or J/g

V. . L

Heat of reaction, heat of dissolution etc (QR). Where HR

usually available in Cal/mol
QR = (-rA). HR
= the amount of reacted material × HR
therefore for a first order reaction it can be written as QR
= k. CA. V. HR
 What is this system called as?

Non-reacting system

Steam is used as
heats source
Fs (L/min)
V
s (g/L)
T
L (Cal/g)

condensate
 Reacting system
A B
An endothermic reaction of A to
form B under non-isothermic
mode according to first order
reaction
(mol A/L/min)

Heat of reaction is HR (Cal/mol)

V Steam is used as heats source Fs

(L/min), s (g/L), sL (Cal/g)
CA
condensate
T 
 To
F1
Cp

Non-reacting system

V  F1 

T CP Cp T

Cooling water is used

as heat removal FCW
(L/min), CW (g/L),
CPCW (Cal/g.oC), TCWout TCWin
 CAo CAo
F1 F1
 
To To

V CA
V CA
F2 

 CA CA 

T2

CASE III? CASE I?

V CA
F2 

 CA CA
T2
CASE II?
 Reacting system
Cao A B
F1 To An exothermic reaction of A to
Cp  form B at a non-isothermic
mode reactor according to
first order reaction
(mol A/L/min)
Heat of reaction is HR
(Cal/mol), which is negative in
value
V CA
F1 Cp 
T 

CA CB
Cooling water is used T
as heat removal FCW
(L/min), CW (g/L),
CPCW (Cal/g.oC), TCWout TCWin
 CAo F2 CBo
F1 Reacting system
To  CpB  To A+B C+D
CpA Reaction of A to form B at an
optimum temperature according to
second order reaction
(mol A/L/min)
Heat of reaction is HR (Cal/mol),
V CA which is positive in value
F 
T
CA CC

CB CD
Electric heater is
used to supply T Cp
energy at W watt
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
RATE PROCESSES

MASS transfer rate

ENERGY Transfer rate

MOMENTUM Transfer rate

Chemical reaction rate

 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
ENERGY Transfer rate

Conductive Transfer Rate

Convective Transfer Rate q

h

Radiative Transfer Rate qR

 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
EQUILIBRIUM

MASS transfer rate

May be achieved when the
ENERGY Transfer rate transfer rates toward the two
or more directions are
balance (equal)
MOMENTUM Transfer rate

Chemical reaction rate

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
EQUILIBRIUM

vapour

liquid
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
EQUILIBRIUM
A solution containing A and B
CWout (initial volume is Vo, density is
o) is heated in a still flask

condensor
equipped with heating coil
(steam is used as heat source).
CWin
At one time, the solution starts
to boil and the vapor is
condensed in a condenser
vapour D employing cooling water. Find
V y the composition of the
 condensate and remaining
L solution in the flask. Write
mass balance and energy
liquid x balance for this system

Still flask
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
EQUILIBRIUM

vapour liquid

liquid solid
 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TOOLS:
EQUILIBRIUM
k1
Chemical reaction rate k2