MARINE DIESEL

(COMBUSTION
PROCESS)
(WEEK – 5)
ME 184411 ( 4 SKS)
Department of Marine Engineering
Faculty of Marine Technology
ITS Surabaya
Sub processes of mixture formation and
combustion in diesel engines
Schematic representation of spray
dispersion
Composition of spray packets
 Combustion Pressure

0% EGR 12% EGR 30% EGR 30% EGR with ESP

8

7
Combustion Pressure (Mpa)

6 Peak Pressure

4
Ignition Timing
3

1 Injection Timing
19o BTDC
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Crank Angle (deg)

Physical and chemical processes in
ignition delay
 The important physical processes
- atomization of fuel,
- evaporation and mixing of fuel vapor and air
- the formation of an ignitable mixture
 The chemical processes
- pre-reactions in the mixture
- autoignition, which ensure at a local air ratio of
0.5 <  < 0.7.
Local ignition ranges contingent on the time after the start
of injection and the distance from the nozzle orifice
 Combustion

 Phase I: premixed
combustion
 Phase II: diffusion
combustion
 Phase III: post-
combustion
Combustion
 Phase I: premixed combustion
- The fuel injected during the ignition delay mixes
with air in the combustion chamber and forms a
nearly homogeneous and reaction-capable
mixture.
- After the ignition delay period, this mixture burns
very quickly (premixed peak).
- The combustion noise typical for the diesel
engine is caused by the high pressure increase
speed dp / dϕ at combustion start.
Combustion
 Phase II: diffusion combustion
- Mixture formation processes continue during the
main combustion phase and decisively influence
both the combustion course itself as well as
pollutant formation.
- The chemistry of this phase is very rapid
- the combustion process is controlled by the
mixing rate
- The end of the main combustion phase is
characterized by the attainment of the maximum
temperature in the combustion chamber.
Combustion
 Phase III: Post - combustion
- Towards the end of combustion, pressure and
temperature in the flame front have decreased
so much that chemical reactions become slow in
comparison with the simultaneously progressing
mixture processes.
- This last combustion phase is thus decisive
especially for the oxidation of previously formed
soot.
- Over 90 % of the total soot produced is broken
down again in the combustion chamber during
this phase.
Rate of Heat Release
QR cv dP cp dV
 V  P
d c p  cv d c p  cv d

QR : heat release
P : pressure
V : volume
cv, cp : specific heats
dV Vd
d

2



sin 1  cos R  sin 
2

2 1 / 2 


 : crank angle
dV/d is calculated by equation
Vd : displacement volume of cylinder
R : ratio of connecting rod and crank radius
 Pressure ROHR
8 90

7 80

Rate of Heat Release (J/deg)

Combustion Pressure (Mpa)

70
6
60
5
50
4
40
3
30
2
20

1 10

0 0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Crank Angle (deg)