GREEN BUILDINGS AND

INFRASTRUCTURE
ASSIGNMENT 5

DATE OF ASSIGNMENT : 5TH NOV’ 2018

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 26TH NOV’ 2018

RUSHIKA. K
15091AA066
SEMESTER VII - B
GREEN – MIX CONCRETE
Green concrete is made of new raw materials -- namely fly ash,
recycled concrete aggregates and aluminium can fibers. Fly ash is
a waste product from coal power plants and is commonly
disposed of in ponds and sent to landfills. In order to reduce
consumption of raw materials and to minimize the wastes
generated from demolished concrete structures, crushed concrete
can be reused as aggregates. Aluminium cans were used because
they can be easily processed into chopped fibers and used as
reinforcement in concrete.
Not only is this newly developed green concrete environmentally
friendly, it is also cost-effective.
SOURCE : https://www.sciencedaily.com

BRICKS MADE OUT OF CIGARETTE BUTTS

The Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology researchers
found a brick fabrication technique which includes 1% cigarette
butts. It could compensate the world annual cigarette
production and create a lighter and more efficient brick.
When cigarette butts are added to clay bricks, the energy
needed to fire them was cut by up to 58 percent. The bricks
were lighter and were better insulators, too, meaning they
could help cut household cooling and heating demands, all
while keeping the same strong properties of traditional bricks.
SOURCE :
• https://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/cigarette-butts-make-better-
bricks.html
• Innovation in construction material (magazine)
COOL BRICKS
Through the combination of clay and hydrogel, a new material has been created that
has a cooling effect on building interiors.
Its cooling effect comes from the presence of hydrogel I its structure which absorbs
water up to 500 times its weight. The absorbed water is released to reduce the
temperature during hot days.
The bricks are modular and interlocking, and can be stacked together to make a screen.
The 3D lattice creates a strong bond when set in mortar. The shape of the brick also
creates a shaded surface on the wall to keep a large percentage of the wall’s surface cool
and protected from the sun to improve the wall’s performance.

SOURCE :
• Innovation in construction material (magazine)
• http://www.emergingobjects.com/2015/03/07/cool-brick/

TRANSLUCENT WOOD
We now have translucent wood that can be used to
develop windows and solar panels. It is created by first
removing the lining in the wood veneer and then through
nanoscale tailoring. The resulting effect creates
translucent wood that has various application in the
construction industry.
As a very cheap resource it can benefit projects by
reducing cost of resource.
A professor at KTH claims that transparent wood is a low
cost , readily available and renewable resource. The wood
can be mass produced and used commercially.
SOURCE : Innovation in construction material (magazine)
POLLUTION ABSORBING BRICKS
The Breathe Brick is designed to form a part of a building's regular ventilation system,
with a double-layered facade of the specialist bricks on the outside, complemented by a
standard internal layer providing insulation. At the center of the Breathe Brick's function
is cyclone filtration, which separates out the heavy pollutant particles from the air and
drops them into a removable hopper at the base of the wall.
The system is composed of two key parts: concrete bricks, and a recycled plastic coupler,
which both helps to align bricks and creates a route from the outside into the
brick's hollow center. The concrete bricks themselves feature a faceted surface which
helps to direct airflow into the system, and a separate cavity for inserting steel structure.
The Breathe Brick can function with both mechanical and passive ventilation systems, as
the brick simply delivers filtered air into the wall plenum; this air can then be delivered to
the building interior through mechanical equipment or through trickle vents driven by
passive systems such as stack ventilation.

SOURCE : https://www.archdaily.com/771767/this-innovative-brick-sucks-pollution-
from-the-air-like-a-vacuum-cleaner
TESLA SOLAR TILES
Tesla solar tiles are claimed to a competitive alternative to regulate
roofing materials. These will be more affordable and reliable. These
solar tiles will be a profitable and economic investment for
homeowners. Along with helping to produce its own green energy
and save money, these tiles wills prove to be more durable than any
existing hard roof tiles in the market, thus being sustainable and
efficient at the same time.
Unlike other solar products, Tesla systems are designed to collect up
to 98 percent of the solar energy that traditional arrays collect. The
unique type of louvered glass tile works in much the same way as
window blinds by reflecting sunlight to appear opaque while still
absorbing the rays of the sun.
SOURCE :
• https://www.solar-estimate.org/news/2018-11-06-are-the-tesla-solar-roof-tiles-worth-it
• Innovation in construction material (magazine)

LAMINATED TIMBER
Laminated timbers also known as Cross Laminated Timbers
are a product used especially in high rise commercial buildings.
Although they aren’t commonly used building materials for
residential sectors, it has every capability to be.
CLT’s are known for their incredible tensile and compressive
strength. Commonly manufactured from young trees, they are a
suitable and eco-friendly alternative to most hardwood
products. They come in many sizes and are even custom made
for large sized structures. They also come pre-fabricated and
ready to use state, hence structures take less time to complete.
SOURCE : Innovation in construction material (magazine)
GFRG (GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED GYPSUM)
GFRG (Glass fiber reinforced gypsum) is an Australian technology which will save
construction cost 20-30%. These panels are manufactured using phosphogypsum
which is a waste material from fertilizer industry and glass fiber used as a
reinforcement. These panels are precast in factories and transported to
construction site and erected with the help of crane.
Advantages of using GFRG:
1.Rapid construction
2.NO beams or columns needed
3.Eco-friendly
4.Cooler up to 4 degrees
5.Fire resistant up to 1000 degrees
6.Earthquake resistant
7.Light weight(43 kg/m2) hence low load
transferred to the foundation
8.Saves tonnes of cement and sand
9.Reduces CO2 footprint
10.Increased strength
SOURCE : https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-new-construction-techniques

EXPANDABLE POLYSTERE PANELS

They are precast panels which are cost-effective, lightweight construction material with
excellent insulation properties.
Advantages of using EPS Panels:
•Effective and durable thermal insulation
•Absolute water and vapor barrier
•Air-tightness for controlled environments
•Long life, low maintenance
SOURCE : https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-new-construction-techniques
TEMPERATURE REACTIVE TILES
Moving color is an innovative technology which takes glass tiles
to new heights in terms of interior design. These are
temperature sensitive textured glass tiles which change color
with the ambient, body or water temperature. So when someone
touches them or if warm water from a shower hits them,
the tiles then literally “bloom with color”.
The manufacturer offer tiles in different sizes and for all sorts of
applications – wall, floor and counter tops. There are also
texture and base color options which allows you to custom the
look you want.
SOURCE : https://freshome.com/2009/03/02/temperature-sensitive-glass-tiles/

INSULATING CONCRETE FORMWORK

Insulating concrete formwork (ICF) is a building system that
uses lightweight formwork (made from an insulating material)
to support concrete walls whilst they are being cast in-situ and
which is then left in place as insulation. Insulated concrete
formwork consists of twin-walled expanded polystyrene panels
that are stacked together to create the permanent formwork
used to contain the ready-mixed concrete for the walls.
The insulated formwork remains in place to provide complete
thermal insulation to the walls of the finished building.
Insulating concrete formwork is quick and easy to use without
the need of skilled tradesman.
ICF components and temporary bracing systems are delivered
as lightweight portable packs, which do not require mechanical
handling or the use of special tools.
SOURCE : https://theconstructor.org/concrete/insulating-concrete-formwork/8671/
PRECAST FOUNDAION WALLS
Precast foundation walls simplify basement construction, save time and money,
and result in warmer, drier basements. The walls comprise high-strength concrete
panels manufactured off site. Each panel contains solid concrete studs for load-
bearing support and a built-in concrete footing.
A precast concrete foundation is best-used to construct a full basement with
consistent sill height; different wall heights slow the process, minimizing the cost
benefit.
Advantages of using precast foundation walls:
1. Time and labor savings.
2. Stronger, lighter, safer walls.
3. Better indoor comfort.
4. Water-resistant construction.
SOURCE : https://www.hgtv.com/remodel/mechanical-systems/precast-foundation-
walls

HABITO DRYWALL
It is a new generation wallboard product that includes the benefits of both old
fashioned plaster and modern drywall.
Habito drywall stands on its own, thus eliminating the need for any anchors for
any weight less than 30 pounds. This material has high density and gives great
sound resistance and impact resistance, thus giving its applications in media
rooms and high traffic areas. It is also known for its flexibility and performance as
well as its durability for the building.
SOURCE : Innovation in construction material (magazine)
3-D VOLUMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
3D Volumetric construction (also known as modular construction) involves the
production of three-dimensional units in controlled factory conditions prior to
transportation to site. Modules can be brought to site in a variety of forms, ranging
from a basic structure to one with all internal and external finishes and services
installed, all ready for assembly. The casting of modules uses the benefits of factory
conditions to create service-intensive units where a high degree of repetition and a
need for rapid assembly on-site make its use highly desirable.
This modern method of construction offers the inherent benefits of concrete, such as
thermal mass, sound and fire resistance, as well as offering factory quality and
accuracy, together with speed of erection on-site.
Advantages :
1. Units manufactured under factory controlled conditions
2. Production unaffected by adverse weather allowing for year round building
3. Materials are not exposed to weather conditions, providing the highest quality and
geometrical perfection
4. Method of construction offers superior structural strength.
5. Build times are reduced by 30% – 50%, compared to conventional construction
methods.
SOURCE : https://www.concretecentre.com/Building-Elements/Frames/Modern-Methods-
of-construction-(MMC).aspx