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2G SHARING SESSION

Layering and Traffic Shifting

www.huawei.com
HUAWEI RNP 28th JUNE 2013

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential


 Part I : 2G RF Layering
 Part II: Traffic Shifting

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential


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 Objective of this sharing session is to have a
good understanding of the following:
 Layering Overview
 Traffic shifting strategies in Idle and Active mode
 Parameter Optimization
 Physical Tuning Optimization

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential


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PART 1 - LAYERING

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Layer Definition

A network basically consists of four layers, namely, Umbrella, Macro, Micro, and
Pico. Cell priorities influence the sorting of neighboring cells during handovers as
well as handover algorithms including PBGT and inter-layer handovers. For
example, PBGT handovers can only occur among cells on a same layer and of a
same priority level. If you assign different layers and priorities to a 1800-M cell and
a 900-M cell, PBGT handovers from the 1800-M cell to the 900-M cell will not occur.
This causes slow handovers even when the receive quality is good.

Layer where a cell is located. The network designed by Huawei has four layers:

1. Umbrella (layer 4)
2. Macro (layer 3)
3. Micro (layer 2)
4. Pico(layer 1)

Layer 1 has higher priority than Layer 2, Layer 3, Layer 4


Layer 2 has higher priority than Layer 3, Layer 4
And so on.

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Layering Strategy
Umbrella Layer 4
Cell GSM 900

GSM 900 GSM 900 GSM 900


Macro Cell Layer 3
GSM 1800 GSM 1800 GSM 1800

GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900


Micro Cell Layer 2
GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800

GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900


Pico Cell Layer 1
GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800

In Indosat, most of GSM/DCS sites are in Layers 1, 2 and 3, the recommended setting is Macro G900
Layer 3 and Macro DCS1800 Layer 2; IBS site Layer 1

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Layering Strategy
Giving Priority to Small Cells

With a mixture of small and large cells, both high capacity and good coverage
can be achieved. The reasons for building micro cells and indoor cells and
giving priority to them can be illustrated by the following examples:

 Site acquisition is easier if the base station is small and the antenna
position is low. The low site cost reduces the pay-off time for the site
implementation. Usually, small cells with low output power require traffic
distribution mechanism to make them carry more traffic.
 Interference is often easier to avoid in a confined area. Therefore a small
cell may provide better quality even though the it is not the strongest
cell.
 Traffic in a cell with low output power and low or indoor antenna position
creates less interference than the traffic in a macro cell causes.

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Layering Strategy
The purpose of the higher layer cells is then to:

 Fill radio coverage holes


 Provide spare capacity; a higher layer cell can be chosen if there is
congestion in the lower layer cells. A higher layer cell with a lower
signal strength than the serving cell, can be chosen at assignment if
assignment to a worse cell is allowed
 Serve as last resort at radio disturbances; a handover to a higher layer
cell can be performed at bad quality urgency
 Take care of fast moving mobiles in order to reduce the number of
handovers.

To fully utilize the network capacity, a mixture of overlapping small and large
cells requires a mechanism to decide the appropriate condition for using the
small cells, due to interference or noise.

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PART II - TRAFFIC SHARING
STRATEGY

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Dual Band Network Traffic Balancing
Strategy Overview

For the Traffic Balancing between G900 and DCS1800, there are several strategies in different phase
when calling.
In Idle mode: can control the Cell Selection and Reselection to make the MS camping priority in
DCS1800 In Call setup phase: Direct Retry can be triggered to reduce the G900 cell congestion,
make the call transfer to DCS1800
In dedicated mode: Layering Handover and Load HO algorithm to transfer traffic to Idle
DCS1800 cells

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Idle Mode
In Idle Mode:
when a subscriber turns on the mobile phone to select cell or reselect cell
in the idle state, the network design can make the M1800 cell has a higher
priority or acquire better neighboring cell measurement comparison value
by setting the system message parameters, Thus, the mobile phone will
Search the signal in the DCS1800 cell and the call connection will be set
up in the DCS1800 cell.
• Strategy: In Idle mode, more subscribers to prioritize camping in
DCS

Layer
GSM900Priority: ID=OD>MD>MG
GSM 900 GSM 900 GSM 900
Cell Layer 3

GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800 GSM1800


Cell Layer 2

Micro Cell GSM1800 GSM1800 Layer 1


In-Building Cell GSM1800 GSM1800

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Idle mode Cell Selection and Reselection
Cell Selection (C1) - refers to the initial registration that a MS will make with a network.
This normally only occurs when the phone powers up or when the MS roams from one
network to another.

The formula for calculating C1 is given as:


C1 = (A) - Max(B,0)
where:
A = (RXLEV - RLAM)
B = MS Transmit Power Max CCH -Max RF Output of MS

In summary, the two main factors in determining C1 are the strength of the received
signal and the transmission power the MS is capable of. C1 alone is only used for
cell selection. When a MS is already camped on a cell and it wants to move to another
cell it will reselect it. Cell reselection uses a different criteria C2.

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Idle mode Cell Selection and Reselection
Cell Reselection (C2) - refers to the process of a MS choosing a new cell to monitor once it
has already registered and is camped on a cell. It is important to distinguish that selection and
reselection are done by the MS itself and not governed by the network. The network would only
be responsible for this function when the MS is in a Traffic Channel (TCH). When the MS
reselects a new cell it will not inform the network that it has done so unless that new cell is in a
new Location Area (LA).
The C2 is calculated using the following parameters:
C2 = C1 + CRO - (Temp_Offset * H)
H = 1 if the MS has been monitoring a particular cell for less than the penalty time.
H = 0 if the MS has been monitoring the particular cell for longer than the penalty time.
H = 0 if the particular cell is the serving cell (the one the MS is currently camped on).

There are many parameters involved in selection and reselection of a new cell. The MS must ensure it is
getting the best signal and the network must ensure that the MS does not cause unneeded strain on the
network by switching cells when unnecessary or undesired. Page 13
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
Idle mode Cell Selection and Reselection
Cell Reselection Offset (CRO)

CRO is a value from 0 to 63. Each step represents a 2 dBm step (0 to 126 dBm). This
value is added to C1. A higher CRO value will make the cell more attractive to the
MS. The higher the CRO, the more attractive the cell will be.

The network might assign a CRO value to a cell if the network wanted to encourage
mobile stations to utilize that cell. The network might want to do this in order to reduce
the load on other cells during times of high traffic volume or to force MS's to a certain
band.

Recommended Setting: 10 to 15

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Idle mode Cell Selection and Reselection Strategy
Related Parameter and Recommender Setting
Parameter Recommend
Parameter Name Parameter Description
ID Setting
Minum Access Minimum received signal level of the MS. This level is
RXMIN 8
RXLEV reported in the system information.
Cell Reselect indicates whether Cell Reselect Offset, Cell Reselect
PI Parameters YES Temporary Offset in the SET GCELLIDLEAD command,
Indication and Cell Reselect Penalty Time are used
This parameter can avoid the increase of network signaling
Cell Reselect
CRH 6dB~8dB traffic due to frequent location update and reduce the risk
Hysteresis
of losing paging messages.
900M:0; 1800M : Proper setting of this parameter can reduce the number of
CRO Cell Reselect Offset
10~ 15 handover times, helpful for assigning an MS to a better cell
Used together with Cell Bar Access to decide the priority
CBQ Cell Bar Qualify NO
status of a cell
Used together with Cell Bar Qualify to decide the priority
CBA Cell Bar Access NO
status of a cell.

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Connection mode Strategy
During the setup of call connection:
If traffic congestion occurs to the service cell, the call will be adjusted by
allocating the traffic to an idle TCH of the neighboring cell via directed retry.
Usually the congestion easily happens in G900 cells (limited by the
frequency bandwidth, We can activate DR function in G900 cell and make
the call go directly to Idle DCS1800 cell if the service in G900 cell is
already congested.
Related Parameter and Recommender Setting
Parameter ID Parameter Name Recommend Setting Parameter Description

The directed retry is to hand over an MS to a


neighboring cell in the same procedure as the
handover. The directed retry is an emergency
measure applicable to abnormal traffic peaks in
some areas of a radio network. You should not use
DIRECTRYEN Directed Retry On
the directed retry as a major means of solving
traffic congestion. If the directed retry always
occurs in some areas of a network, consider
adjusting the sector and TRX configuration and the
network layout.

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Dedicate Mode HO Strategy
In the Dedicate mode:
with the Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS), the traffic flows to G1800 cell of lower
layer and priority level as much as possible. Furthermore, various dual-band
handover algorithms designed by Huawei are used so that the cell traffic load will
be more reasonable.
Related Parameter and Recommender Setting
Recommend
Parameter ID Parameter Name Parameter Description
Setting
900 Macro Cell: 3
Layer where a cell is located.
Cell Layer 1800 Macro/IBC: 2
LEVHOEN Level HO Allowed Yes Whether to allow inter-layer and inter-level handovers.
Handover threshold during the handovers between cells on different
HOTHRES Inter-layer HO Threshold 25
layers or of different priorities.
Hysteresis value during the handovers between cells on different
Inter-layer HO
LEVHOHYST 2 layers or of different priorities. This value is used to suppress inter-
Hysteresis
layer ping-pong handovers.
FRINGEHOEN Edge HO Allowed Yes Whether to enable the edge handover algorithm
Edge HO UL RX_LEV If the UL receive level remains lower than the Edge HO UL RX_LEV
ULEDGETHRES 10
Threshold Threshold for a period, the edge handover is triggered.
Threshold for downlink edge handover. If the downlink receive level
Edge HO DL RX_LEV 900M; 20
DLEDGETHRES remains less than this threshold for a period of time, the edge
Threshold 1800M:18
handover is triggered
PBGT handovers to a neighboring cell are allowed only when the
downlink level difference between the neighboring cell and the
serving cell is larger than this parameter. When the value of this
PBGTMARGIN PBGT HO Threshold 68 (4db)
parameter is smaller than 64, handovers to a neighboring cell with a
lower level than the current serving cell are allowed. The actual
value of this parameter is equal to the GUI value minus 64.

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2G to 3G Strategy
2G to 3G layering Strategy:
Currently, the coverage of U2100 is not continuous, the coverage of GSM is better than U2100. In
this case, it is not suggested to enable the Dua way HO between 2G and 3G, only recommend
Dua-way Cell reselection and 3G to 2G one way HO.
2G to 3G Reselection base on the Ec/No and RSCP 3G 3G 3G

measurement.
2G 2G 2G
3G to 2G HO base on the Coverage.
Cell- Reselection
Related Parameter and Recommender Setting Inter-RAT handover (3G
to 2G)

Parameter ID Parameter Name Recommend Setting Parameter Description

INTERRATCELLRESELEN INTERRATCELLRESELEN Yes This parameter specifies whether the reselection from 2G cells to 3G cells is allowed.
INTERRATOUTBSCHOEN Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable No This parameter specifies whether the handover from 2G cells to 3G cells is allowed.
INTERRATINBSCHOEN Inter-RAT In BSC Handover Enable Yes This parameter specifies whether the handover from 3G cells to 2G cells is allowed.
INTERRATCELLRESELEN Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Enable Yes This parameter specifies whether the reselection from 2G cells to 3G cells is allowed.
QI Qsearch I 7 (Always) This parameter specifies the level threshold for cell reselection in idle mode.
0 :-∞(always select a
A 3G cell can be a candidate cell only when the average receive level of the 3G cell is
FDDQOFF FDD Q Offset cell if acceptable)
greater than the value of this parameter of the current serving cell.
Minimum level threshold of UTRAN cell reselection. During the cell reselection decision
FDDRSCPMIN FDD RSCP Min. 6 (-102dBm) from a GSM cell to a FDD cell, this parameter is used to calculate the RSCP threshold of the
target cell.
This parameter specifies whether Ec/No or RSCP is used for the measurement report on a
FDDREP FDD REP QUANT RSCP/ECNO FDD cell. Ec/No stands for the signal-to-noise ratio. RSCP stands for the received signal
code power.
This parameter specifies one of the thresholds of the signal level for 3G cell reselection. A
FDDQMIN FDD Qmin 7 (-12dB) 3G cell can be selected as a candidate cell only when the receive level of the 3G cell is
greater than the value of this parameter.
FDDQMINOFFSET FDD Qmin Offset 0 (DB) Offset of the minimum threshold for Ec/No during a FDD cell reselection.
This parameter specifies one threshold of the signal level for cell reselection in packet
QP Qsearch P 15 :∞(never)
transfer mode.
In connection mode, if the signal level is below [0-7] or above [8-15], the MS starts to
QSEARCHC Qsearch C 15:∞(never)
search for 3G cells.
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IBS Traffic Balancing Strategy

IN-BUILDING SOLUTION (IBS):


the strategy of the IBS sites is mostly the same with the layer strategy
between Macro G900 and DCS1800; Usually we set IBS with High
Priority such as Layer 1, the Macro site set to layer 2 and 3. From Macro
site to IBS site will easy trigger the Layer HO and hard HO back from IBS
to Macro site via EDGE HO.
In Idle mode, it is recommended for the IBS sites to set High CRO values
to make the MS easily reselect to IBS.
Above strategy is applied for all the IBS sites whether it’s GSM900 or
DSC1800.

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PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION
Parameter Change

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HOSR - Overview
• The fundamental concept of mobile communications is mobility, where the
person using the phone moves around and being handed over between
cells.
• HANDOVER is the process that ensures that the user is placed on the best
server and that the following requirements for mobile communications are
fulfilled:
– Coverage: to provide a connection with sufficient signal strength
– Speech Quality: to avoid disturbances
– Capacity: to even out the traffic load
MS measures: Serving BTS measures:
• DL signal strength •UL signal strength
TARGET A • DL quality •UL quality
• Signal strength of •Timing advance
neighbor BTSs
SOURCE
Locating
eval.
in BSC

MS and BTS
TARGET B measurements

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9702572
HOSR - Overview

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HOSR
HO Reason Algorithm

COMMON PARAMETERS
- DLQUALIMIT/ ULQUALIMIT
- DLQUALIMITAMRFR/
ULQUALIMITAMRFR
- DLQUALIMITAMRHR/
ULQUALIMITAMRHR

- ULEDGETHRES/ DLEDGETHRE

- HOTHRES/ LEVHOHYST
/ INTELEVHOHYST
- PBGTMARGIN

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HOSR - Parameter Optimization
(Set On Cell Level)

EDGE HANDOVER
Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold (DLEDGETHRES): If the DL receive level remains lower than the
Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold for a period, the edge handover is triggered. If the PBGT handover is
enabled, the relevant edge handover threshold can be decreased.

The value of this parameter ranges from 0 to 63 (corresponding to -110 dBm to -47 dBm).

Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold (ULEDGETHRES) : If the UL receive level remains lower than the
Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold for a period, the edge handover is triggered. If the PBGT handover is
enabled, the relevant edge handover threshold can be decreased.

The value of this parameter ranges from 0 to 63 (corresponding to -110 dBm to -47 dBm).

Impact: If this parameter is set to a large value, handovers cannot be performed in a timely
manner, causing call drops. If this parameter is set to a small value, unnecessary handovers are
triggered, affecting voice quality.

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Edge HO (HO to lower priority layer)
Example:
- MD to MG - ID to MG

• Edge HO Criterion:
 In N seconds, when there are P seconds that
neighbor cell’s DL or MS’s UL signal level is lower than
the Edge HO threshold. Then the criterion is met and
Edge HO occurs. This method utilizes the P/N rule.
• Requirement for the Service cell: Higher Priority
 The Serving cell‘s Rx_Lev < Edge HO Threshold DCS GSM

• Requirement for the target cell: Lower Priority


 The Target cell‘s Rx_Lev > Service cell’s Rx_Lev +
INTERCELLHYST
Recommend Setting in ISAT
INTERCELLHYST = 68 ( 68-64=4dB) Refarming Scenario :

ULEDGETHRES DLEDGETHRES
Setting Value 10 16
dBm -100 -94

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HOSR - Parameter Optimization
(INTER LAYER HO – valid from lower layer to higher layer)
Inter-layer HO Threshold (HOTHRES) : Handover threshold during the handovers between cells
on different layers or of different priorities. Range: 0-63

Inter-layer HO Hysteresis (LEVHOHYST ): This parameter specifies the hysteresis of an inter-


layer or inter-priority handover. This parameter is used to avoid inter-layer ping-pong handovers.
Range: 0 - 63
Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO Hysteresis (INTELEVHOHYST):
Hysteresis value during the handovers between cells on different layers or of different priorities.
This value is used to suppress inter-layer ping-pong handovers. Range: 0 -127

Inter-layer handover threshold of the serving cell <= Inter-layer HO threshold - Inter-layer HO
Hysteresis;
Inter-layer handover threshold of a neighboring cell >= Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell
Inter-layer HO Hysteresis – 64.

SAMPLE: To perform fast handover/traffic offload from GSM to DCS

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PBGT HO (HO to same layer)
Example:
- MD to MD - ID to MD - MG to MG

• PBGT HO Criterions :
 Target cell’s path loss is smaller than the serving cell’s path loss
by the PBGT threshold value.
 Satisfying the P/N rule.
• Note :
 PBGT HO can only occur between same-priority cell. If the
system permits PBGT HO for the cell, PBGT HO can occur in
either inter-BSC or inter-MSC.

Existing Setting Proposed Setting


Block Cell to Non-Block
Neighbor 68 (4dB) 66 (2 dB)
Non-Block Cells 68 (4dB) 68 (4 dB)

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HOSR - Parameter Optimization
(Set On Cell Level)
Min UL Level on Candidate Cell (HOCDCMINUPPWR) : If the uplink received signal level of a
neighbor cell is greater than Min UL Level on Candidate Cell plus Min Access Level Offset, the
neighbor cell can be listed in the candidate cell queue for handover.

The value of this parameter ranges from 0 to 63 (corresponding to -110 dBm to -47 dBm).

Min DL Level on Candidate Cell (HOCDCMINDWPWR) : This parameter specifies the minimum
downlink receive level of a neighbor cell.
Expected downlink level of the neighbor cell >= (Minimum downlink power of the candidate cell for
handover + Minimum access level offset)

The value of this parameter ranges from 0 to 63 (corresponding to -110 dBm to -47 dBm).

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HOSR - Parameter Optimization

HOCDCMINDWPWR = 20 (means -90dbm)

If the downlink received signal level of a neighbor cell is greater than "Min DL Level on
Candidate Cell" plus "Min Access Level Offset", the neighbor cell can be listed in the
candidate cell queue for handover

CONDITION: Rxlev (Target) >= (HOCDCMINUPPWR +


MINOFFSET)

HOCDCMINUPPWR +
Target Cell Rxlev MINOFFSET Candidate?
MINOFFSET

A -89 0 -90 Yes


B -92 0 -90 No
C -86 0 -90 Yes
D -70 0 -90 Yes
E -86 5 -85 No

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Analysis and Improvement of HOSR
Handover Measurement Counters:

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SAMPLES OF TRAFFIC SHIFTING ACTIVITY
Parameter Change

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PHYSICAL TUNING OPTIMIZATION
Tilt Change

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PHYSICAL TUNING (Tilting)
One main factor to consider in traffic sharing by physical tuning is the use of MRs
(measurement reports). This will provide a better overview of the traffic profile
behavior and will also give a good indication on how to decide on the antenna tilt
changes.
GSM DCS

Above condition shows the coverage area of the GSM cell have peak samples at TA= 3,4 & 5.
For DCS, most of the samples are captured near the site at TA=0 (0-550meters)
Applying aggressive parameter settings (i.e. CRO, Inter layer HO) will not result to significant traffic
movement due to coverage limitation at the DCS cell.
Recommendation: Reducing the tilt at the colo DCS cell is required to cover a larger area and to
achieve traffic balance between the two systems.

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SAMPLES OF TRAFFIC SHIFTING ACTIVITY
Physical Change

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Traffic Balancing – Antenna Physical Change
PHYSISCAL CHANGE: Modify the tilting for DCS TEMBAU3 from M0E8 to M0E3

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Traffic Balancing – Antenna Physical Change
PHYSISCAL CHANGE: Modify the tilting for DCS MUNGGU2 from M0E8 to M0E3

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TRAFFIC SHIFTING RESULTS IN BALI
Refarming Area

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BUSY HOUR TRAFFIC PERCENTAGE – BALI NETWORK

HO parameter Physical
change (EDGE, Change –
HOTHRES) tempo sites
(to continue in
Inter layer (HOTHRES) Physical Physical W23)
parameter change Physical
Change – Change – Change –
11 Cells 32 Cells 7 Cells Parameter
Change

Note: Percentage of DCS traffic already at 68%. (for whole BALI NETWORK)

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BUSY HOUR TRAFFIC PERCENTAGE – GSM/DCS Colo

HO parameter Physical
change (EDGE, Change –
HOTHRES) tempo sites
(to continue in
Inter layer (HOTHRES) Physical Physical W23)
parameter change Physical
Change – Change – Change –
11 Cells 32 Cells 7 Cells Parameter
Change

Note: Percentage of DCS traffic already at 75%. (for sites with colo GSM/DCS)

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Traffic Map Comparison

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Traffic Map Comparison

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Thank You
www.huawei.com

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