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INTRODUCTION
TO
STATISTICS
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
1. Origin and Development of Statistics
2. Definition
3. Uses
4. Fields
5. Constant and Variables
6. Data and Information
7. Population and Sample
8. Census and Sampling Techniques
History of Statistics - Timeline
Time Contributor Contribution
Ancient
Philosophers Ideas - no quantitative analyses
Greece
studied affairs of state, vital statistics of
Graunt, Petty
populations
17th
Century Pascal,
studied probability through games of chance,
Bernoulli
gambling
18th Laplace, normal curve, regression through study of
Century Gauss astronomy
astronomer who first applied statistical
Quetelet
analyses to human biology
19th
Century
studied genetic variation in humans(used
Galton
regression and correlation)
Time Contributor Contribution
studied natural selection using correlation,
Pearson formed first academic department of statistics,
Biometrika journal, helped develop the Chi
Square analysis
• Dependent
QUALITATIVE QUANTATIVE
• Independent
• Dichotomous • Discrete
• Trichotomous • Continuous
• Multinomous
DATA
Quantitative Variable
A variable measured numerically.
“Male” or “Female”
2. Trichotomous - a qualitative variable
that may choose one of the three
values.