Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Derivative of a Function
Rules of Differentiation
Differentiation of Exponential,
Logarithmic and Trigonometric Functions
1
Derivative of a Function
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
(a) Determine the derivative of a
function
by using the first principle.
(b) Determine the differentiability of a
function at x = a.
2
Derivative of a Function
dy d
dx
or f '
( x) or y '
or y
dx
3
Note:
dy
i) y = f(x), then = f ( x)
'
dx
dy
ii) y = h(t), then = h ( t)
'
dt
4
DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION FROM
FIRST PRINCIPLES
Definition 1 :
f(x h) f(x)
f'(x) = lim
h0 h
5
Example 1 :
( a) f ( x ) = 3x
( b) f ( x ) = x2 2x
( c) f ( x) = x 5
1
( d) f ( x) =
x
6
Solution 1(a):
( a) f ( x ) = 3x
f ( x h) = 3( x h)
3 ( x h ) 3x
f '
( x ) = lim
h �0 h
3x 3h 3 x
= lim
h �0 h
3h
= lim
h �0 h
=3 7
Solution 1(b):
( b) f ( x ) = x2 2x
f ( x h) = ( x h) 2 ( x h)
2
(
� ) ( ) �
2
x h 2 x h �
x
�
2
2x�
�
f ( x ) = lim
' � �
h �0 h
x 2 xh h 2 x 2h x 2 x
2 2 2
= lim
h �0 h
8
Solution 1(b):
2 xh h 2h
2
= lim
h �0 h
h ( 2x h 2)
= lim
h �0 h
= 2x 2
9
Solution 1(c):
( c) f ( x) = x 5
f ( x h) = ( x h) 5
( x h) 5 x5
f '
( x ) = lim
h �0 h
10
Solution 1(c):
( x h) 5 x5 ( x h) 5 x5
= lim �
h �0 h ( x h) 5 x5
( ( x h) 5 ) ( )
2 2
x5
= lim
h �0
h ( ( x h) 5 x5 )
= lim
( x h 5) ( x 5)
h �0
h ( ( x h) 5 x 5 )
11
Solution 1(c):
h
= lim
h �0
h ( ( x h) 5 x5 )
1
= lim
h �0
( ( x h) 5 x5 )
1
=
2 x5
12
Solution 1(d):
1 1
( d) f ( x) =
x
f ( x h) =
xh
1 1
f ( x ) = lim
' x h x
h �0 h
x ( x h)
= lim
h �0 h ( x h ) ( x )
h
= lim
h �0 h ( x h ) ( x )
1 1
= lim = 2
h �0 ( x h ) ( x ) x 13
DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION AT x=a
Definition 2 :
The derivative of a function f(x) at any
point x = a is given by
f(x) f(a)
f'(a) = lim
x a xa
14
Example 2 :
f ( x) f ( a)
Use the definition f
'
( a ) = lim
x �a xa
( a) f ( x ) = 3 2 x, a=2
( b) f ( x ) = x 2, a=3
15
Solution 2(a):
( a) f ( x ) = 3 2 x, a=2
( 3 2x ) ( 3 2 ( 2) )
f ( 2 ) = lim
'
x �2 x2
3 2x 1
= lim
x �2 x2
4 2x 0
= lim Direct substitution gives
x �2 x 2 0
2( 2 x)
= lim
x �2 x2 16
Solution 2(a):
2( 2 x)
= lim
x �2 ( 2 x)
= 2
17
Solution 2(b):
( b) f ( x ) = x 2, a=3
x 2 3 2
f ( 3) = lim
'
x �3 x3
x 2 1 Direct substitution
= lim
x �3 x 3 gives
0
0
x 2 1 x 2 1
= lim �
x �3 x 3 x 2 1
18
Solution 2(b):
= lim
( x 2) 1
x �3
( x 3) ( x 2 1)
x 3
= lim
x �3
( x 3) ( )
x 2 1
1
= lim
x �3
( x 2 1 )
1
=
2
19
Example 3 :
2 x, x 0
Given f ( x ) = x 2 , x 0
Is f is differentiable at x = 0 ?
Solution 3:
f ( x) f (0) 2x 0
f '(0) = lim = lim = lim 2 = 2
x �0 x0 x �0 x x �0
f ( x) f (0) x2 0
f '(0) = lim = lim = lim x = 0
x �0 x0 x �0 x x �0
20
Left hand limit is not equal to right
hand limit.
Therefore f '(0) does not exist.
Hence,f is not differentiable at x = 0.
21
Example 4 :
,
Solution 4:
�x , x 0
f ( x) = x = �
�x , x �0
22
Solution 4:
,
For x 0
f ( x) f (0) x 0
f '(0) = lim = lim = lim ( 1) = 1
x �0 x0 x �0 x x �0
For x �0
f ( x) f (0) x0
f '(0) = lim = lim = lim (1) = 1
x �0 x0 x �0 x x �0
23
Rules of Differentiation
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
(a) Apply the rules of differentiation.
(b) Perform second and third order
differentiation
24
Rules of Differentiation
Example 1:
Find the derivatives of
(a) f ( x ) = 31 (b) f ( x ) = 2p
f ' ( x) = 0 f ' ( x) = 0
25
The Power Rule
If f (x) = xn, then
f ’(x) = nxn-1 where n is positive integer.
Example 2:
Find the derivatives of
1
( a) f ( x) = x 23
( b) f ( x ) =
x
1 3
f ' ( x) = ( x) 2
f '
( x ) = 23x 22
2
1
= 3
2x 2 26
If f (x) = kxn, then
f ’(x) = knxn-1 where k is a constant.
Example 3:
9
Find the derivative of f ( x ) =
1 x
f ( x ) = 9x 2
� 1 2 1 �
1
f ( x) = 9�
'
x �
�2 �
3
9 9
= x 2
= 3
2
2x 2
27
If y = [ f (x) ]n , then y ’ = n[ f (x) ]n-1 f ’(x)
Example 4:
By using the Power Rule, differentiate the
following functions :
( a) y = ( 7x 1)
2 5
( b) y = 3x 1
28
Solution :
( a) y = ( 7x 1) ( b) y =
5
2
3x 1
1
y = ( 3x 1) 2
1 1
y = ( 3x 1) 2 ( 3)
y = 5 ( 7 x 1) ( 14 x )
4 '
' 2
2
3
= 70 x ( 7 x 1)
4 1
= ( 3 x 1) 2
2
2
3
=
2 2x 1
29
The Sum / Difference Rule
If f (x) = h (x) ± g(x) , then
f ’(x) = h’(x) ± g’(x)
Example 5:
Find the derivatives of the following:
( a ) f ( x ) = 3x 2 x 6 x 11
8 5
2
7x
( b) f ( x ) = 5
3
( c) f ( x ) = 2x 2
5 x
30
Solution :
( ) ( )
a f x = 3 x 8
2 x 5
6 x 11
f '
( x ) = 24 x 7
10 x 6
4
2
7x
( b) f ( x ) = 5
3
14
f ( x) = x
'
31
Solution :
( c) f ( x ) = 2x 2
5 x
1
= 2x 5x2 2
1
5
f ( x) = 4x x
' 2
2
5
= 4x
2 x
32
The Product Rule
If y = uv, then
dy dv du
=u v = uv ' vu '
dx dx dx
Similarly, f ( x ) = u ( x ) v ( x ) , then
f '
( x) = u ( x) v ( x) v ( x) u ( x)
' '
33
Example 6:
By using the product rule differentiate
the following with respect to x :
� 1 �
( a ) y = ( x 1) �3x 4 �
2
� x �
( b ) y = ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 3)
4 3
34
Solution 6 (a):
� 1 �
( a ) y = ( x 1) �3x 4 �
2
� x �
Product dy dv du
=u v
Rule dx dx dx
1
u = x 1
2
v = 3x 4
x
du
= 2x = 3x x 4
dx
dv
= 3 4 x 5
dx
35
Solution 6 (a):
dy
= ( x 1) ( 3 4 x ) ( 3x x ) ( 2 x )
2 5 4
dx
2
4x 4 2x
= 3x 5 3 5 6 x 4
2 2
x x x
2 4
= 9x 3 5 3
2
x x
36
Solution 6 (b):
( b ) y = ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 3)
4 3
Product dy
= uv�
vu �
Rule dx
u = ( x 2) v = ( 2 x 3)
4 3
du dv
= 4 ( x 2) = 3 ( 2 x 3) ( 2 )
3 2
dx dx
= 6 ( 2 x 3)
2
37
Solution 6 (b):
dy
= ( x 2 ) 6 ( 2 x 3) ( 2 x 3) 4 ( x 2 ) �
� � �
4 2 3 3
dx � � � �
= ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 3) � ( ) ( )
3 2
6
� x 2 4 2 x 3 �
�
= ( x 2) ( 2 x 3) [ 6 x 12 8 x 12]
3 2
= ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 3) [ 14 x 24] Note :
3 2
= 2 ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 3) ( 7 x 12 )
3 2 6 a 4 2
b 4 a 3 3
b
= a 3b 2 ( 6a 4b )
38
The Quotient Rule
u
If y = , then
v
du dv
v u
dy
= dx 2 dx
dx v
u ( x)
Similarly, f ( x ) = , then
v ( x)
v ( x ) u ' ( x ) u ( x ) v' ( x )
f ' ( x) =
v ( x) �
2
�
� � 39
Example 7:
( 3x 1)
2
( b) y=
x2 1
40
Solution 7 (a):
x du dv
v u
( a) y = Quotient dy
= dx 2 dx
x2 Rule dx v
u=x
du
=1 dy ( x 2 ) ( 1) ( x ) ( 1)
dx =
( x 2)
2
dx
2
v = x2 =
( x 2)
2
dv
=1
dx
41
Solution 7 (b):
( 3 x 1)
2
dy vu ' uv '
( b) y= Quotient =
x 12
Rule dx v2
u = ( 3x 1) dy ( x 1) 6 ( 3 x 1) ( 3 x 1) ( 2x)
2 2 2
=
u ' = 2 ( 3x 1) �
3 dx ( x 1)
2 2
= 6 ( 3 x 1) 3 ( x 1) x ( 3 x 1) �
2 ( 3 x 1) �
� 2
= �
( x 1)
2 2
v = x 1
2
2 ( 3 x 1) ( 3 x )
v ' = 2x =
(x 1)
2 2
42
The Chain Rule
g ( x) �
If y = f �
� �and u = g ( x ) ,
then y = f ( u )
dy dy du
= �
dx du dx
43
Example 8:
( a ) y = ( x 4)
3
1
( b) y =
4x 9
44
Solution 8 (a) :
Chain dy dy du
= �
( a ) y = ( x 4)
3
Rule dx du dx
Let u = ( x 4 ) dy
= (3u )(1)
2
du dx
=1
dx
Substitute, u = x 4
dy
y=u 3
= 3( x 4) 2
dx
dy
= 3u 2
du
45
Solution 8(b):
1 Chain dy dy du
( b) y = = �
4x 9 Rule dx du dx
= ( 4x 9)
1
dy �1 �
( 4)
= �2 �
dx �u �
Let u = 4 x 9
du Substitute, u = 4 x 9
=4
dx
dy 4
1 =
y=u dx ( 4 x 9 ) 2
dy 2
= u
du 46
Example 9:
dy
Find if y = u 3u 1 and u = x 2
3 2 2
dx
Solution 9 :
y = u 3u 1
3 2
u = x 2
2
dy du
= 3u 6u
2
= 2x
du dx
47
Solution 9:
Chain dy dy du
= �
Rule dx du dx
dy
= (3u 6u )(2 x)
2
dx
Substitute, u = x 2 2
dy
= ( 3( x 2 2) 2 6( x 2 2) ) (2 x)
dx
dy
= 6 x ( x 2)
3 2
dx
48
Second Order Differentiation
Second order differentiation is the
differentiation of the first derivative.
49
Example 10:
d2y d3y
Find 2
and 3
for the following:
dx dx
( a) y = 2x 3
5x 7 x 6
2
x 5
( b) y =
x
1
( c) y =
2x 3
50
Solution 10 (a) :
( )
a y = 2 x 3
5 x 2
7x 6
dy
= 6 x 2 10 x 7
dx
d2y
2
= 12 x 10
dx
3
d y
3
= 12
dx
51
Solution 10 (b):
2 5
x 5 d y 5� 3�
( b) y = dx 2
= � �x
2� 2�
2
x
15
x 5 =
= 5
x x 4x 2
1
= 1 5x 2 3
d y 15 � 5 �
7
3
= � �x 2
dx 4 � 2�
dy 5
3 75
= x 2 = 7
dx 2 8x 2
52
Solution 10 (c) :
1
( c) y =
2x 3
= ( 2 x 3)
1
dy
= ( 1) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 )
2
dx
= 2 ( 2 x 3)
2
2
=
( 2 x 3)
2
53
Solution 10 (c) :
2
d y
= ( 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 )
3
2
dx
8
= 8 ( 2 x 3)
3
=
( 2 x 3)
3
3
d y
= 8 ( 3) ( 2 x 3) ( 2 )
4
3
dx
48
= 48 ( 2 x 3)
4
=
( 2 x 3)
4
54
Differentiation of Exponential,
Logarithmic and Trigonometric
Functions
55
• Determine the derivative of the functions;
x f ( x) x f ( x)
i. a , a ,e ,e
ii. ln x,ln f ( x )
iii. sin x,cos x, tan x, sec x, cosec x, cot x
iv. sin u,cos u, tan u, sec u, cosec u, cot u
v. sin n x,cos n x, tan n x, sec n x, cosec n x, cot n x .
If m is a scalar,
d mx
dx
( )
a = ma ln a
mx
f ( x)
2. For the general exponential function a ,
where f(x) is a function of of x,
d
dx
a( )
f ( x)
= a ln a �f ' ( x )
f ( x)
57
Example 1
a) y = 5 x
3 x 5
b) y = 4
c) y = 35 x
Solution 1
a) y = 5
x
b) y = 4 3 x 5
dy d dy d
= 5 ln 5 x ln 4 ( 3 x 5)
x 3 x 5
=4
dx dx dx dx
dy dy
= 5 ln 5 = 4 ( 3) ln 4
x 3 x 5
dx dx
5 x
c) y = 3
dy d
= 3 ln 3 ( 5 x )
5 x
dx dx
dy
= 3 ( 1) ln 3 = 35 x ln 3
5 x
dx
x
3. For a simplest index function e ,
d x
dx
( e )=e x
If m is a scalar,
d mx
dx
( )
e = me mx
f ( x)
4. For the general exponential function e ,
where f(x) is a function of of x,
dx
(
d f ( x)
e )
= f ' ( x)e f ( x)
60
Example 2
dy
Find for each of the following function:
dx
a) y = e 4x
3 x 2 5
b) y = e
( 5 x ) 3
c) y = e
Solution 2
a) y = e 4x
b) y = e 3 x 2 5
dy 4x d
dx
=e
dx
4x dy
dx
=e 3 x 2 5 d
dx
( 3 x 2 5)
dy 4x dy 3 x 2 5
dx
= e (4) =e ( 6x)
dx
4x
= 4e
3 x 2 5
= 6 xe
Solution 2
( 5 x ) 3
c) y = e
dy ( 5 x ) 3 d
=e ( 5 x) 3
dx dx
dy 3
( 5 x )
=e ( 3) ( 5 x ) (1)
2
dx
3
= 3 ( 5 x ) e
2 ( 5 x )
63
Example 3
dy
Find for each of the following function:
dx
3 2 x
a) y = xe 4x
c) y = e
x
3x 2 e x
b) y = d) y = x x
e x
e e
Solution 3 a)
a) y = xe 4x
dy d 4x 4x d
dx
=x
dx
( )
e e
dx
( x)
dy
= x ( 4e ) e ( 1)
4x 4x
dx
dy
= 4 xe e4x 4x
dx
dy
= e 4 x ( 4 x 1)
dx
Solution 3 b)
3x 2
b) y = x
e
d d x
dy
e ( 3x 2 ) ( 3x 2 ) ( e )
x
= dx dx
(e )
2
dx x
dy e x ( 3) ( 3 x 2 ) e x
=
dx (e )
x 2
dy e ( 3 3 x 2 ) 1 3 x
x
= = x
dx (e )
x 2
e
Solution 3 c)
3 2 x
c) y = e
x
= � e
dx x �dx
( �
�
)
dy 3 �d 2 x � 2 x �d �3 �
e � � �
�
�
�
dx �x �
�
dy 3
= ( 2 ) e
dx x
(
2 x
)
2 x �
e �2 �
3 �
�x �
dy 2 x �6 3 �
= e � 2 �
dx �x x �
Solution 3 d)
x
e
d) y = x x
e e
d x x d
dy (e x
e x
) ( )dx
(e e
dx
e x e x )
=
( )
2
dx e e
x x
=
( )
dy e x e x e x e x e x e x x x x
e e e e e (x x ) ( )
=
dx e e
x x 2
( e e
x )
x 2
( )
dy
=
(
e x 2e x ) =
2
( ) (e )
dx 2 2
e x e x x
e x
5. The natural logarithmic function is
differentiable for all x 0 .
d 1
(ln x) =
dx x
d f ' ( x)
[ ln f ( x ) ] =
dx f ( x)
69
Example 4
dy
Find for each of the following function:
dx
a) y = 5 ln x (
c) y = 7 ln 1 2 x 3
)
x2
b) y = ln( 4 3 x ) d) y = ln
1 x
Solution 4
a) y = 5 ln x
dy 5
= (
c) y = 7 ln 1 2 x 3
)
dx x dy
=
7 d
dx 1 2 x3 dx
1 2 (
x 3
)
b) y = ln ( 4 3 x ) dy
=
(
7 6 x 2 )
dx 1 2 x3
dy 1 d
= ( 4 3x )
dx 4 3 x dx 42 x 2
=
dy 3 1 2 x3
=
dx 4 3 x
Solution 4 d)
1
x2 �x 2 �
2 1 �x 2 �
d) y = ln = ln � � = ln � �
1 x �1 x � 2 �1 x �
1 1
y = ln ( x 2 ) ln ( 1 x )
2 2
dy 1 1 d 1 1 d
= ( x 2) (1 x )
dx 2 ( x 2) dx 2 (1 x ) dx
dy 1 1 1 1
= [ 1] [ 1]
dx 2 ( x 2 ) 2 (1 x)
dy 1 1 1 1
=
dx 2 ( x 2) 2 (1 x )
dy 1 1 1 3
= =
dx 2 x 2 1 x 2( x 2 )(1 x )
Example 5
dy
Find for each of the following function:
dx
a) y = x ln x x
( )
c) y = e ln 2 x 3
( )
b) y = ln 4e x 2 ln 2 x
d) y = 3 x
e
Solution 5 a) and b)
a) y = x ln x
dy �1 � u= x v = ln x
= ( x ) � � ( ln x ) ( 1)
dx �x � du dv 1
=1 =
= 1 ln x dx dx x
( )
b) y = ln 4e x2
ln ( ab ) = ln a ln b
x2
y = ln 4 ln e = ln 4 x 2
dy ln m = p ln m
p
= 2x
dx ln e = 1
Solution 5 c)
x
( )
c) y = e ln 2 x 3
u=e x (
v = ln 2 x 3 )
du x
dv 1 d
= 3
dx 2 x dx
2 x3 ( )
= e
dx
dv 6 x 2 3
= 3 =
dx 2 x x
dy
dx
x �3�
( )(
= e � � ln 2 x3 e x
�x �
)
x �3
�x
( )
3 �
= e � ln 2 x �
�
Solution 5 d)
ln 2 x
d) y = 3 x u = ln 2 x v = e3 x
e du 1 d 1 dv
= 3e 3 x
= ( 2x) = dx
dx 2 x dx x
�1 �
dy
( e )
3x
�
�x�
� ( ln 2 x ) ( 3e 3x
)
=
dx (e )
3x 2
3x �1 �
e � 3ln 2 x �
dy
= �x � = 1 3 x ln 2 x
(e )
dx 2 3x
3x xe
Differentiation of Trigonometric
Functions
77
i) Derivatives of the functions sin x, cos x,
tan x, sec x, cosec x and cot x.
d
a) ( sin x ) = cos x
dx
d
b) ( cos x ) = -sin x
dx
d
c) ( tan x ) = sec 2 x
dx
78
i) Derivatives of the functions sin x, cos x,
tan x, sec x, cosec x and cot x.
d
d) ( sec x ) = sec x tan x
dx
d
e) ( cos ec x ) = -cos ec x cot x
dx
d
f) ( cot x ) = -cos ec x
2
dx
Example 7
d
Prove that ( tan x ) = sec x
2
dx
Solution 7
LHS:
d d �sin x �
tan x = � � Quotient Rule
dx dx �cos x �
d d
cos x ( sin x ) - sin x ( cos x )
= dx dx
( cos x )
2
80
cos x ( cos x ) - sin x ( - sin x )
= 2
cos x
cos x sin x
2 2
= 2
cos x
1
= 2
cos x
= sec x
2
81
Example 8
a) 2sin x - 3cos x
5
b) 4 tan x -
x
82
Solution 8
d
a) ( 2sin x 3cos x ) d
b) ( 4 tan x 5 x )
1
dx
dx
= 2 cos x 3 ( sin x ) = 4sec x ( 1) 5 x
2 2
= 2 cos x 3sin x 5
= 4sec x 2
2
x
Example 9
y = 2sin x - x ,
2
x = -p
84
Solution 9
b) y = 2sin x x 2
dy
= 2cos x 2 x
dx
when x = p ,
dy
\ = 2 cos (p ) 2(p )
dx
= 2 2p
ii) Derivatives of the function sin u, cos u,
tan u, sec u, cosec u and cot u with
u = f(x)
If u = f (x):
d d
(a) ( sin u ) = cos u u
dx dx
d d
(b) ( cos u ) = -sin u u
dx dx
d d
(c) ( tan u ) = sec u u
2
dx dx 86
ii) Derivatives of the function sin u, cos u,
tan u, sec u, cosec u and cot u with
u = f(x)
d d
(d) ( sec u ) = sec u tan u u
dx dx
d d
(e) ( cos ec u ) = -cos ec u cot u u
dx dx
d d
(f) ( cot u ) = - cos ec u u
2
dx dx
87
Example 10
a) sin ( ln x )
b) cos ( sin 4x )
88
Solution 10(a)
d
sin ( ln x ) �
�
� �
dx
d
= cos ( ln x ) ( ln x )
dx
cos ( ln x )
=
x
Solution 10(b)
d
cos ( sin 4 x )
dx
d
= sin ( sin 4 x ) ( sin 4 x )
dx
d
= sin ( sin 4 x ) ( cos 4 x ) 4x
dx
= 4sin ( sin 4 x ) ( cos 4 x )
iii) Derivatives of sinn u, cosn u, tann u,
secn u, cosecn u and cotn u with u = f(x)
If u = f (x), then
d d
a) ( sin u ) = n sin u (sin u )
n n -1
dx dx
d d
b) (cos u ) = n cos u (cos u )
n n -1
dx dx
d d
c) (tan u ) = n tan u (tan u )
n n -1
dx dx 91
d d
d)
dx
( cot u ) = n cot u ( cot u )
n n -1
dx
d d
e)
dx
( sec u ) = n sec u (sec u )
n n -1
dx
d d
f) (cos ec u ) = n cos ec u �
n n -1
cos ec ( u ) �
� �
dx dx
92
Example 11
a) cos 2x
4
1
b) sin ( 2 x 1)
3 2
93
Solution 11(a)
d d
a) cos 2 x = 4 cos 2 x ( cos 2 x )
4 3
dx dx
= 4 cos 2 x ( 2sin 2 x )
3
= 8 ( cos 2 x ) ( sin 2 x )
3
94
Solution 11(b)
d 1
b) sin 3 ( 2 x 1) 2
dx
1
d � 1
�
= 3sin 2 ( 2 x 1) 2 sin ( 2 x 1) �
�
2
dx � �
� 2 1
�� 1
�d 1
sin ( 2 x 1) 2 �
= 3� cos
� ( 2 x 1) 2
�dx ( 2 x 1) 2
� �� �
� 2 1
�� 1
�1 1
d
sin ( 2 x 1) �� cos ( 2 x 1) � ( 2 x 1) ( 2 x 1)
= 3� 2 2 2
� �� �2 dx
� 2 1
�� 1
�1 1
sin ( 2 x 1) 2 ��cos ( 2 x 1) 2 � ( 2 x 1) 2 ( 2 )
= 3�
� �� �2
� 2 1
�� 1
� 1
sin ( 2 x 1) 2 � ( ) 2 ( 2 x 1) 2
= 3� cos
� 2 x 1 �
� �� � 95
Problem Solving involving the
combination of differentiation rules
Example 12
dy
Find for y = ( x 1)
2x
dx
96
Solution 12
y = ( x 1)
2x
ln y = 2 x ln ( x 1)
Differentiate both side toward x
1 dy d d
= 2x � ln ( x 1) �
� � ln ( x 1) ( 2 x )
y dx dx dx
�1 d �
= ( 2x) � ( x 1) � �
ln ( x 1) �
� �( 2)
�x 1 dx �
Solution 12
1 dy �1 �
= ( 2x) � ( 1) � �
ln ( x 1) �
� ( 2)
�
y dx �x 1 �
1 dy 2x
= 2 ln ( x 1)
y dx x 1
dy �2 x �
\ = y � 2 ln ( x 1) �
dx �x 1 �
dy 2 x �2 x �
\ = ( x 1) � 2ln ( x 1) �
dx �x 1 �
98
Example 13
99
Solution 13
d 1 d
dx
ln ( sin x ) =
2
2
sin x dx
( sin x )
2
1 d
= 2 ( 2sin x ) ( sin x )
sin x dx
1
= 2 ( 2sin x ) cos x
sin x
2 cos x
=
sin x
= 2 cot x 100
Example 14
dy
Find if y = cos ( e ) e cos x .
x x
dx
101
Solution 14
y = cos ( e ) e cos x
x x
dy d x x d d x
= sin ( e )
x
( e ) e ( cos x ) cos x ( e )
dx dx dx dx
102
Example 15
dy
Find if y = sec ( e .)
x
dx
Solution 15
y = sec ( e x
)
dy d x
= sec ( e ) tan ( e )
x x
( e )
dx dx
= e x sec ( e x ) tan ( e x )
103