Instructional Aids to

Science Teaching
Dr. Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Mir
Secondary Teacher Education Department, Allama Iqbal Open
University, Islamabad
 Outline of Lecture
 Defining Teaching Aids
 Why Use Teaching Aids
 Principles of selection of Teaching Aids
 Categories of Teaching Aids
 Projected and Non-Projected Aids
 Advantages and disadvantages of
Teaching aids
 Defining Teaching Aids
 Teaching aids are materials that the
classroom teacher uses to help students
understand the concepts s/he introduces
during his/her lesson.
 A teaching aid is a tool used by teachers,
facilitators, or tutors to help learners
improve reading and other skills, illustrate
or reinforce a skill, fact, or idea, and
relieve anxiety, fears, or boredom
 Why Use Teaching Aids
Teaching aids are useful to:
1. Reinforce what you are saying and
summarize key concepts.
2. Ensure that your point is understood,
3. Motivate students for learning and making
lecture interesting.
4. Engage or stimulate students’ other
senses in the learning process,
5. Facilitate different learning styles.
 Why Use Teaching Aids
(Contd.)
 Discourage cramming
 Increase students’ attention in lecture
 Save time and Effort
 Principles of Selection of
Teaching Aids
 Relevance
 Avoid to many aids
 Simplicity
 Interest and motivation
 Categories of Teaching Aids
 There are three categories of aids to
science teaching
 1) Audio Aids
 2) Visual Aid
 3) Audio –Visual Aid
 Visual Aids
 The aids which use sense of vision are
called Visual aids. For example, actual
objects, models, pictures, charts, maps,
chalkboard, overhead projector, slides etc.
 Audio Aids

 The aids that involve the sense of hearing

are called Audio aids. For example, radio,
tape recorder, gramophone etc.
 Audio -Visual Aids

 The aids which involve the sense of vision

as well as hearing are called Audio-Visual
aids. For example, television, projector
etc.
 Classification of Aids
 Teaching aids can be classified as
1. Projected Aids
2. Non-Projected Aids
 Charts
A chart is a useful way to present and
display information or instructions,
especially in a classroom or other
educational situation. It can range in
size from a large wall chart to a single
piece of paper e.g. Graph, Picture, Flow,
and Tree Chart
 Flip Charts
A flip chart is a collection of large pages
which are bound together at the top. The
pages are “flipped” to the back as they are
used.
 Flip charts are useful in teaching situations
when books are unavailable, overheads
and slides are not available.
 Flannel Board
 Itconsists of a piece of flannel or felt made
from wool, stretched tightly over a strong
backing of plywood. Pictures, cards and
similar material can be made stick on it. It
is often used at lower grades science
teaching.
 Models
 Models are replicas or copies of real
objects with suitable change in size,
complexity, timing, safety and cost factors.
 Projected Aids

 These are the visual aids that are shown

on wall with the help of a certain machine.
 Overhead Projector
 An overhead projector (OHP) is a variant
of slide projector that is used to display
images to an audience.
Multi-Media Projector
 Multi-Media Projector (Contd.)
 Itcan display pictures and video as well
with the help of computers.
 Mostly used at higher education level
 Requirements for Using
Projectors
 Separate audio system required
 Installation of projector
 Maintenance required
 Dark room often required.