Some

Strategies
Used in
Indirect
Approach
What it is: A question or
problem is considered
as possibilities and are
sifted in order to reach
a conclusion or to
convince. Class setting
may be formal or
informal, with the
teacher having more or
less a non-dominated
role.
 How used: Multiple
opinion share;
everyone examines
and responds.
Questions stimulate
and focus thinking .
Multiple points of
view are encouraged.
 Induction
What it is: A reasoning
approach from part to whole;
or particular to general; or
from individual to universal.

How used: Students use

first-hand experiences to
learn concepts. Lesson
progresses from
observations to
generalizations. Teachers
What it is: Teachers and
students cooperatively search
for solutions and/or idea-
generation by gaining
experience.

How used: Problems are solved,

concepts are generated
systematically by exploring to
gather/analyse facts; identifying
problems, hypothesizing a
• Often used to develop
skill in science process.

• Role of teacher is mostly

supervision of student
activity.

• Provides a hands on
experience about
material or facts
obtained from research,
 Project Method
• Involves a particular
unit of activity of a
problematic nature.

• Includes students’
planning and
completion of a certain
task in a natural
manner.

• Develops sense of
cooperation and
• An inductive strategy of
teaching designed to help
students reinforce their
understanding of
concepts and practice
hypothesis testing based
on positive and negative
examples presented.

• Used for forming

generalization, definition,
rule, or principle.
• What it is: A strategy that
utilizes pupil knowledge
and ideas, helps pupils
explore creative
alternatives, provides
environment where pupils
are free to contribute
ideas without fear of
ridicule of failure.

• How used: Pupils are

presented with a problem
or situation; encouraged
to share as many ideas as
• What it is: A type of group
work activity in which
students interact together to
master a specific academic
material.

• How used: Information is

presented; students are
divided into learning terms to
master lesson using
worksheets, discussion,
tutoring, quizzing one
another; scores from tests
• What it is: Another group
activity for learning a
particular material.

• How used: groups are

formed; material is divided
into sections; one member
takes care of a section of the
material; each member
meets with those from other
groups who are assigned to
a similar section; members
discuss/work on the material
and return to their previous
group to inform others in
• What it is: Students are
trained to become aware
of and control their own
learning through the
metacognitive process.

• How used: Students plan

what strategies to use to
meet goal, decide what
resources are needed,
monitor own progress,
• What it is: Process that
enables individuals to
continually learn from own
experiences by
considering alternative
interpretations of
experiences, actions,
discussions, beliefs, using
introspection and
analysis.

• How used: Students

acquire concrete
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