Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CHROMATPGRAPHY
Ms.Heena Goswami
2 Chromatography
Principle
3
Separation of a
mixture into individual
component using a
stationary phase and
a mobile phase.
Types of Chromatography
4
Stationary phase is
polar and mobile phase
non-polar normal phase
chromatography.
Stationary phase is non-
polar and mobile phase
polar reverse phase
chromatography
8 Paper Chromatography
Introduction
9
Stationary phase
Mobile phase
Application sample
Development technique
Detecting agents
Paper Chromatography Experiment
Which pen wrote the note?
Overview of the Experiment
Purpose:
To introduce students to the principles and terminology
of chromatography and demonstrate separation of
the dyes in various pens with paper chromatography.
Materials List
1 beaker
Distilled H2O
1 strip of filter paper
Different pens (A, B, & C)
Pencil
Skewer
Preparing the Chromatography Strips
Separation
Mixture Components
(Ink)
Mobile Phase
(water)
As the water is soaked up through the filter paper and reaches the ink dots, the
component colors of the ink separate and are carried with the water along the
filter paper. The different components travel to different heights on the paper.
1. Examine the chromatogram of each of the three pens (A, B, C)
1. Stationary phase
2. Glass phase
3. Preparation and activation of TLC plates
4. Application of sample
5. Development tank
6. Mobile phase
7. Development technique
8. Detecting agents
Stationary phase
21
1. Pouring
2. Dipping
3. Spraying
4. Spreading
Activation of TLC plates
24
1. Destructive techniques
Specific spray reagents, sulphuric acid spray reagent,
etc.
2. Non-Destructive techniques
Iodine chamber method, UV chamber for fluorescent
compounds
Qualitative analysis
30
2. Thermo stability
All the compounds will not be in the form of vapor.
There will be solid or liquid samples too. Hence to
convert them in vapor form they have to be
heated at high temperature. At that temperature
the compounds have to be thermostable.
Practical Requirements
35
1. Carrier gas
2. Flow regulators and flow meters
3. Injection devices
4. Columns
5. Temperature control devices
6. Detectors
7. Recorders
Gas Chromatographic Apparatus
36
Flow
Flow
Regulato
Meter
G r
A
S
S
U Amplifier
P
P
L
Y
Column in thermostatically Recorder
Controlled oven
Carrier Gas
37
Soap solution
Gas inlet
Inert gas
Flow regulators and flow meters
39
Soap solution
Gas inlet
Inert gas
Injection devices
40
Stationary phase is
polar and mobile phase
non-polar normal
phase chromatography.
Stationary phase is non-
polar and mobile phase
polar reverse phase
chromatography
Based on principle of separation
48
1. Adsorption chromatography
2. Ion exchange chromatography
3. Ion pair chromatography
4. Size exclusion or Gel permeation chromatography
5. Affinity chromatography
6. Chiral phase chromatography
Based on elution technique
49
1. Isocratic separation
2. Gradient separation
Based on scale of operation
50
1. Analytical HPLC
2. Preparative HPLC
Based on the types of analysis
51
Qualitative analysis
Quantitative analysis
Principle of separation in HPLC
52
a. Vacuum filtration
b. Helium purging
c. Ultrasonication
Injectors
61
a. Septum injectors
b. Stop flow(on line)
c. Rheodyne injectors (Loop valve type)
Guard column
62