HELLENESTIC

PERIOD
(Famous Structures)
VERGARA, DARREN JOSEPH
MALABUYOC, JAN JAY
FLORES, FYN JUNETTE
ENDAYA, AILEEN
ARC-2101
Sanctuary of Asklepios at
Epidaurus
• In a small inner Argolid valley surrounded by rocky heights only thinly
covered by the meagre vegetation of Mediterranean scrub, the
archaeological site of Epidaurus sprawls over several levels. At an
altitude of 430 m, the S anctuary of Apollo Maleatas overlooks the rest of
the ruins. Lower down, to the south-west, at approximately 360 m, is the
Theatre. Finally, the S anctuary of Asclepios and its various buildings
baths, gymnasium, palaestra, stadium and katagogeion (dormitories for
patients) - stretch over a western shelf located at between 320 m and
330 m altitude.

• This vast site (although only an area of 520,000 m2 is state property,

construction has been forbidden throughout the entire valley from floor to
crest) is a tribute to the healing gods of Epidaurus - Apollo, Asclepios,
and Hygeia. Legend has it that Asclepios was the fruit of Apollo's love for
a daughter of the king of Orchomenes. In the 6th century a cult dedicated
to him was established at Epidaurus, where archaeological excavations
uncovered a s anctuary dating from the much earlier Mycenaen period.
Pergamon Altar
• The Pergamon Altar is a monumental construction built
during the reign of King Eumenes II in the first half of the
2nd century BC on one of the terraces of the acropolis of
the ancient city of Pergamon in Asia Minor.
• The structure is 35.64 metres wide and 33.4 metres deep;
the front stairway alone is almost 20 metres wide. The base
is decorated with a frieze in high relief showing the battle
between the Giants and the Olympian gods known as the
Gigantomachy. There is a second, smaller and less well-
preserved high relief frieze on the inner court walls which
surround the actual fire altar on the upper level of the
structure at the top of the stairs. In a set of consecutive
scenes, it depicts events from the life of Telephus,
legendary founder of the city of Pergamon and son of
the hero Heracles and Auge, one of Tegean king Aleus's
daughters.
Temple of
Serapeum
•A Serapeum is a temple or other religious institution dedicated to
the syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god Serapis, who combined aspects
of Osiris and Apis in a humanized form that wa s accepted by
the Ptolemaic Greeks of Alexandria.

• S erapeum, also spelled Sarapeum, or S arapieion, either of two

temples of ancient Egypt, dedicated to the worship of the Greco-
Egyptian god Serapis ( Sarapis). The original elaborate temple of that
name was located on the west bank of the Nile near Ṣaqqārah and
originated a s a monument to the decea sed Apis bulls, s acred animals
of the god Ptah. Though the area was used as a cemetery for the
bulls a s early as 1400 BC, it was Ramse s II (1279–13 BC) who
designed a main gallery and subsidiary chambers (repeatedly
enlarged by succeeding kings) to serve as a catacomb for the
decea sed Apis bulls who, in death, became as similated to the
god Osiris a s Osiris-Apis. The Greeks living near Ṣaqqārah worshiped
this god as Osorapis, which under the Ptolemaic dynasty
became S erapis , and the temple was thereafter called the S erapeum.
Temple of Apollon at
Didyma
• Didyma w as the largest and most significant sanctuary on the territory
of the great classical city M iletus. To approach it, visitors would
follow the Sacred Way to Didyma, about 17 km long. Along the w ay,
w ere ritual w aystations, and statues of members of the Branchidae
family, male and female, as w ell as animal figures.

• Didyma w as an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia. It

contained a temple and oracle of Apollo, the Didymaion. In
Greek didyma means "twin", but the Greeks who sought a "twin" at
Didyma ignored the Carian origin of the name. Next to Delphi,
Didyma w as the most renowned oracle of the Hellenic world, first
mentioned among the Greeks in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, but an
establishment preceding literacy and even the Hellenic colonization
of Ionia. M ythic genealogies of the origins of the Branchidae line of
priests, designed to capture the origins of Didyma as a Hellenic
tradition, date to the Hellenistic period. The ruins of Didyma are
located at a short distance to the northw est of modern Didim in Aydin
Province, Turkey, whose name is derived from Didyma's.
Belevi M ausoleum
• The Belevi Mau soleum, also known as the Mau soleum at Belevi is
a Hellenistic monument tomb located in Turkey. The monument was the
burial place of the Seleucid Greek King Antiochus II Theos who reigned
261–246 BC.

• The marbles used for the construction of the monument were probably
were mined in the region of Ephesu s. Two-thousand five-hundred cubic
metres of marble has been estimated were extracted for the building of the
mausoleum. The foundation of the mausoleum was square; each side
measuring some 29.65 m, suggesting a length of 100 feet of 0.2965 m. The
mausoleum was two stories. On the ground level there were three steps
supporting the base mouldings. Each plain socle wa s surmounted
by torus, cavetto and Lesbian cyma. Ten course s of large neatly cut
a shlars, 69–88 cm high, which constituted the facing of the podium, made
for a total height of 11.37 m. A low architrave, 45 cm high, and a
higher Doric frieze ran around the top of the podium. The south side had a
deep rece s s that was cut into the rock core for the burial chamber, which
was placed in the centre and sealed from outside. This was done in order
to conceal what was in the monument and to protect the monument from
tomb raiders. The chamber to which Antiochus II was buried in was a small
vestibule with a rectangular back room for his body to be put in a barrel-
vault. There was an unfinished false door on the north side of the structure.
The top storey had 3 steps mea suring 1.12 m high. The top slope served as
a stylobate for a Corinthian Peristalsis, with eight columns on each side.