CÉSAR PELLI

HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE - II

  César Pelli (born October 12, 1926), is an
Argentine American architect.
 In 1952, Pelli came to the United States with his wife, and
INTRODUCTION became a naturalized citizen in 1964.
 After his graduation from the University of Illinois School
of Architecture, Pelli worked for Eero Saarinen in
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan for ten years.
 1954-64 Worked with Eero Saarinen
1968-1976 Works with Gruen Associates
1977 He accepted deanship at Yale following starting his own
practice, Cesar Pelli & Associates, he captured his most
important commission to the date- The expansion and
rennovation of Museum of Modern art, New York

CAREER
TWA TERMINAL , JFK DULLES INTERNATIONAL
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NYC AIRPORT , WASHINGTON

WORKS WITH EERO SAARINEN

PHILOSOPHY
 HEAD QUARTERS AND OFFICE BUILDINGS
 Salesforce Tower
 World Financial Center
COMMERCIAL
 Petronas towers
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
 Business Instructional Facility, University of Illinois
WORKS  Minneapolis Central Library
 MUSEUMS
 National Museum of Art, Osaka
 Madison Museum of Contemporary Art
 EDUCATION
Bill & Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex, Texas
Business Instructional Facility, University of Illinois
HEALTH CARE AND RESEARCH
 St. Luke's Medical Tower
Petronas
Towers
  Location: Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Construction: 1992 – 1998
 Floor count: 88
 Floor area: 395,000 m2
 (4,252,000 sq ft)
 Elevators: 78
 Cost :US$1.6 billion
BASIC INFO  Functional requirements were 218,000 square metres of
floor space for office in each of the towers
 concert hall
 A six-storey shopping and entertainment complex to
include two department stores shops, restaurants,
cinemas, an art gallery, a specialized library.
 Four-storey underground car park for 5,400 cars
CONCEPT
IDEAS
Malaysian P.M.’s Input Pelli’s Modification
  The core: 23 X 23 meters and occupied approximately 23% of
the floor space
 The core contains lifts, staircase MEP shafts and toilets.
 Cesar Pelli considered it to be fairly good ratio for tall buildings

PLAN
  DOUBLE ELEVATOR
 The floor area was too small to accommodate too
many
space for shafts , so double elevators were
employed.
Vertical  Passengers that want to go
Circulation -People on Odd level would stay at the lobby
-People on even level must climb one level up
using escalators
 Each shaft has 2 double elevators, 56 in total
 EXPRESS ELEVATOR- This goes half way up,
called the sky lobby
  Replacing Steel with reinforced
concrete:
 Malaysia has a shortage of steel and importing it would
have blown the budget out of proportion.
 Concrete required to serve this purpose was of grade 140
Mpa
CHALLENGE  16 CONCRETE PILLARS

S  Along the curvature supporting by ring of beams.

-Detailed site study showed that structure proposed was
standing on the edge o depression in sub surface.
-The towers were shifted 60 m towards the depression and
enormous piles were laid o the hard bed bedrock (120 m
deep).
WORLD
FINANCIAL
CENTER
INTRODUCTIO
N
Location -New York.
Total Area 8.9 million square feet | 827,000 square meters
Date of construction- 1982
Date of Completion -1988
ABOUT - The WFC consists of four office towers, ranging in
height from 34 to 51 stories The Winter Garden, a glass-
roofed public court; two nine-story octagonal gateway
buildings; and a landscaped public plaza and small marina.
The World Financial Center is a familiar presence on the New
York City skyline, the four stepped towers forming the western
wall of Lower Manhattan.
The World Financial Center was the first installment of Battery
Park City, a mixed-use development built on fill from the
construction of the World Trade Center.
Flanking Liberty Street, the two octagonal buildings mark a formal
entrance to the Center and the waterfront Plaza beyond. Tower 1 rises
to the south, while the other three are arrayed to the north and west..
A four-story granite base provides a comfortable transition from the
street.
The building consists of Winter Garden, an arching glass hall complete
with a grove of Arizona palm trees. This public room hosts concerts,
exhibitions.
 The buildings are:
•200 Liberty Street, formerly One World Financial Center, (1986)[5]
 height 577 feet (176 m), 40 stories

• Rooftop: truncated square pyramid

•225 Liberty Street, formerly Two World Financial Center, (1987),
height 645 feet (197 m), 44 stories

• Rooftop: round dome

•200 Vesey Street, formerly Three World Financial Center, (also
known as American Express Tower) (1985), height 739 feet
TOWER (225 m), 51 stories

DETAILS • Rooftop: pyramid
•250 Vesey Street, formerly Four World Financial Center, (1986),
height 500 feet (150 m), 34 stories ("North Tower")

• Rooftop: ziggurat
•Winter Garden Atrium (1988) a 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2)
glass domed pavilion housing various plants, trees and flowers,
also shopping areas, cafes (located between buildings 2 and 3)
Rebuilt 2002 after terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.

•One North End Avenue, also known as the 

New York Mercantile Exchange building (1997), height 253 feet
(77 m), 16 stories
 The four towers were composed to give a formal context to the World
Trade Center, softening the height of the Twin Towers by surrounding
and stepping up toward them.
Each tower of the World Financial Center was given a copper top: a pyramid, a
stepped pyramid, a Mastaba, and a dome. These allusions to ancient civilizations
provided a historical counterpoint to the futuristic twin towers, as did the square
punched windows.
As the buildings rise and step back, the ratio of glass to granite increases, taking
advantage of modern construction methods to let in light and provide generous
views.

CONCEPT
BEFORE
AND
2003
AFTER
THE
DISASTER

2001
2007
Business
Instructional
Facility,
University of
Illinois
INTRODUCTIO
N

 Location Urbana-Champaign, Illinois

 Total Area 162,000 square feet | 15,000 square meters
 Date of Completion 2008
 Client University of Illinois
The Business Instructional Facility is a state-of-the-art home for
the College of Business, containing the vast majority of the
business school’s classrooms and student services. As the first
building for business education to attain LEED Platinum at a
public university, the Business Instructional Facility emphasizes
sustainable design.
DESIGN
The building’s major components — two classroom wings, a
four-story glass-fronted atrium known as the Commons, and
a limestone-clad auditorium wing — are arranged around a
garden courtyard. The two classroom wings are clad in brick
and have punched windows like the university’s Georgian
Revival buildings from the 1920s. Sloping zinc roofs and
metal accents define the contemporary design.
 Glass is used selectively
throughout the building,
strategically placed to give the
perception of more glazing. In
the auditorium, windows are
at eye level. In the classroom
wings, clerestory windows
provide additional daylight
and casement windows allow
ARCHITECTURAL ventilation.
FEATURES
The Commons is a grand sun-lit
gathering space at the heart of the
building. End-grain oak flooring and
certified sustainable oak-paneled walls
and slatted ceilings give the room a
warm glow. 18 flat and tiered classrooms
for lectures and seminars, a 300-seat
auditorium for guest speakers from the
business world, a mock trading lab for
hands-on learning, and 36 breakout
rooms for team projects.
 Energy efficiency and indoor air quality are the building’s primary
sustainable design achievements. The building includes two green
roof areas to reduce water run-off and keep the rooftop cool, a
photovoltaic array on the auditorium roof to help power the building,
high-efficiency air handling, and a high-performance building
envelope. For indoor air quality, the building receives filtered,
humidity-controlled air at an ambient temperature year round.
Comparing the Business Instructional Facility to a standard

Energy University of Illinois building for factors such as cooling, heating, and
lighting, the building uses approximately 42 percent less energy.

Efficiency
 National
Museum of
Contemporary
Art, Osaka
 Location: Island of Nakano, Osaka City, Japan

INTRODUC Area: 145,000 square feet/14,000 square meters

TION Constructed in: 2004

 The National Museum of Art is located on the island of
Nakano. It posed an unusual design challenge as an
agreement between City or Osaka and Ministry of
Construction as required the entire building be designed
under ground as the site is irregular and extremely tight
below grade site.

INTRODUCTION
Clarke Pelli responded to this requirement by creating an
entrance that is an enormous stainless steel and glass sculpture
above the ground and the building is distributed on three
different levels below the ground. The first level is a public
gathering space, followed by two levels of galleries for
temporary and permanent exhibits.
The entrance structure is designed to resemble reeds arching
stalks of a bamboo grove. The are titanium-coated stainless-
steel tubes resembling the wings of a butterfly, rise from the
lobby to become a sculptural icon on the Osaka skyline.
The two peaks, 52 and 34
meters above grade. For
the steel tubes that
penetrate the skylight
glass, there is a
watertight seal in the
form of a plate with a
bellows. The bellows
allows the steel tubes to
move 10 to 15
centimeters (4 to 6
inches) in any direction,
whimsically animating
the plaza.
PLAN
This is constructed like a three-hull submarine, placed below the
flood level of the surrounding rivers. Responding to the need for a
watertight underground museum the bulk of the building is
encased in a three-layered, concrete wall that is almost ten feet
thick. The sheer weight of the structure resists the buoyancy of
the watery soil, while enabling the building to provide the
necessary temperature and humidity controls at greatly reduced
operating expense.
 T
NIKHILA RANI -28 H
VARSHIKA-29 A
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SAMANTHAKAMANI-32 K
VINEETH.N-45
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