Transmission contingency Analysis Based

on Integrated Transmission And Distributi

on Power Flow in Smart Grid

Compiled by:-
SHAILKUMAR MODI
18MEEE05
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Abstract

 In future smart grids,with distribution networks having loops more frequently

current transmission contingency analysis which usually neglects the distributi
on power flow variotions after a contingency may leave out severe outages.
 A new transmission CA method based on Global power flow(GPF)Analysis whic
h integrates both the transmission and distribution power flow is proposed in t
his paper.

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 POWER SYSTEM SECURITY
The probability of the system operating point remaining within acceptable ranges,
given the probabilities of changes in the system and its environment.

CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
 Generation Shift Factors
 Line outage distribution factor

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 Introduction
CA program is usually performed to simulate the power flows
of the TPS in case of contingencies and activate alarms, if the
operational limits of some components are violated.

In almost all current transmission CA (TCA) programs, distribution

networks (DNs) are simply treated as load injections
into the transmission buses

smart grid technologies where “many distribution

control centers (DCCs) have deployed distribution management
systems .

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GTCA DEFINITION AND FEATURES
•GTCA can be defined as a new kind of TCA in which not

•only the “active” power flow of DNs to the contingencies of the TPS is consid
ered but also the operational limits of DNs and TPSs (e.g., bus/node voltage a
nd line power flow) are evaluated in case of contingencies.

•GPF TOOL

•GTCA complies with privacy protection rules, and the confidentiality of DN's a
nd TPS's data can usually be protected.

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ILLUSTRATION OF GTCA NECESSITY
1.TPS With Radial DNs

First, assume that DF1 and DF2 are inj

ected with a real and reactive power (
PQ)-type load without notable static lo
ad characteristics.
A PQ-type load is common in power flo
w analysis. In this condition, a transmi
ssion contingency that causes the boun
dary bus voltage to go up or down natu
rally makes the
nodal voltages and currents of Feeders
DF1 or DF2 vary, and that only results i
n the power losses of the DN varying c
orrespondingly.
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2.TPS With Looped DNs

TB1 and TB2 stand for the boundary b

uses connected with the feeders DF1
and DF2 looped with a switch to impro
ve the reliability of the DN. TB1 is con
nected to a double transmission line T
L1, and TB2 is connected to a single tr
ansmission line TL2. A line
connects DF1 and DF2 to improve the
reliability or “when the One TPS connected with a looped DN
load density is high”

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More complicated example of one TPS connected t
o multiple looped DNs.

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Computation Algorithm of GTCA
1. The equivalent admittance of the DNs is firstly computed based on Gaussian Elimination by
DCCs, and sent to TCCs.1Since the ends of the equivalent lines are from the boundary syste
ms and the number of boundary buses is limited, the number of the equivalent lines for on
e DN and the overall communication are limited as well.
2. ATCC adds all of the equivalent lines into the transmission power flow model.
3. As for the contingency, check whether the output of the working generators should be adju
sted if one generator is lost
4. Perform the iterativeMSS method in [23] to solve the GPF (1) and (2). For the th iteration i
n MSS, the TCC vbc solves
5. If MSS still diverges after the maximum iteration times, turn to the traditional TCA mode to
recheck the transmission power flow for the th contingency.

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Flowchart of an MSS-based GTCA computation
algorithm

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SIMULATION

System 6Ar: The TPS system is a 6-bus system [2], and the
DN named System A is radial and has 3 feeders, 16 nodes, and 13 lines [30]. The distribution
feeders F1, F2, and F3 are connected with transmission Buses #4, #5, and #6. The number o
f the copies of a feeder at a boundary bus is six.
System 6Al: Almost the same as 6Ar, except that one loop in the DN connects Feeders F1 an
d F2 11
 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
6A Systems

•Firstly, 6A systems including 6Ar and 6Al are used to show the difference of the post-contingency pow
er flow results obtained with and without considering the impacts of distribution.
The results are shown in Table I. For simplicity, “cont.”, “diff” and “gen.” are used as the abbreviatio
ns of “contingency”, “difference” and “generator” in the following tables. TheMVA base
is 100 MVA.

•From Table I, it can be seen that the post-contingency power flow difference between GTCA and TCA
is trivial in the case of radial DNs, showing that the impacts of DNs on TPSs can be neglected in this cas
e, which is consistent with the traditional opinion and assumption used in current power systems. How
ever, when a DN is looped, the difference is greatly increased.

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Post-contingency power flow difference between GTCA and TCA

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CONCLUSION
•In future smart grids, since a DN may more frequently have loops in operati
on, the traditional TCA that neglects the interaction of transmission and dist
ribution may give inaccurate alarms. To overcome that issue, a new TCA met
hod that considers the interaction of transmission and distribution, GTCA, is
proposed in this paper.

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Thank you

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