Drg Sandy Christiono SpKGA

Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi

Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
 Text book :
Mc Donald, Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent,7
th
edition, p.54-59
Mathewson, Fundamental of Pediatric Dentistry, 3 th
edition, p.197-205
Angus, Hand book of pediatric dentistry, p 203
Koch Goran, Pediatric Dentistry – a clinical
approach, p.253-271
Finn, Clinical Pedodontics, th
4 edition, p.45-70
Geoffrey Van Beek, Morfologi Gigi,ed 2
 Dokter gigi anak dalam melakukan
Perawatan menemui 2 fase geligi :
- Geligi Sulung (20 buah)
- Geligi Permanen (32 buah)

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
 Dental Anomalies
Masaproliferasi
Erupsi danroot development
Hypodontia/oligodontia/anodontia
Premature eruption
Supernumerary teeth
Natal teeth
Gemination, fused teeth
Delayed eruption
Odontomes
Ectopic eruption
Odontogenictumors
Tranposition of teeth
Odontogenickeratosis
Impaction
Marfologi
Macrodontia
Microdontia
Invaginated odontome
Invaginated odontome
Carabeli trait
Talon cups
Hutchinson incisor
taurodontism
 Odontoma
The abnormal proliferation of cells of the
enamel organ may result in an odontogenic
tumor, commonly referred to as an odontoma.
An odontoma may form as a result of
continued budding of the primary or
permanent tooth germ or as a result of an
abnormal proliferation of the cells of the tooth
germ, in which case an odontoma replaces the
normal tooth
 Odontoma
Complex odontoma Compound odontoma
DENS IN DENTE (DENS INVAGINATUS)

The diagnosis of dens in dente (tooth within a

tooth) can be verified by a radiograph.
The developmental anomaly has been
described as a lingual invagination of the
enamel.
This condition can occur in primary and
permanent teeth.
Unusual cases of dens invaginatus have been
reported in a mandibular primary canine,' a
maxillary primary central incisors and a
mandibular second primary molar.
Dens in dente is most often seen in the
permanent maxillary lateral incisors.
 ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA

Amelogenesis occurs in two stages. In the first

stage, the enamel matrix forms, and in the
second stage, the matrix undergoes
calcification.
Local or systemic factors that interfere with
normal matrix formation cause enamel surface
defects and irregularities called enamel
hypoplasia.
Factors that interfere with calcification and
maturation of the enamel produce a condition
termed enamel hypocalcification.
Seow et al have observed that enamel
hypoplasia of the primary teeth is common in
prematurely born, very-low-birth-weight
children; its pathogenesis is not understood
clearly.
 AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

amelogenesis imperfecta is a developmental

defect of the enamel with a heterogeneous
etiology that affects the enamel of both the
primary and permanent dentition.
Hart et al recommended a standardized
nomenclature for describing amelogenesis
imperfecta that causes alterations at the
genomic, complementary DNA, and protein
levels
local hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta—
are associated with mutations in the enamelin
(ENAM) gene located at 4q21.
An X-linked form (AIH1) has been found to be
associated with as many as 12 mutations in the
amelogenin (AMELX) gene, located at Xp21.
amelogenesis imperfecta a thin, smooth
covering of brownish yellow enamel
The treatment of teeth with amelogenesis
imperfecta–like defects depends on its severity
and the demands of aesthetic improvement.
When indicated, the teeth can be prepared for
full-coverage restorations.
 hypodontia
Kelainan pertumbuhan yang disebabkan
karena kegagalan pembentukan gigi
Biasanya diikuti dengan kehilangan gigi yang
banyak (Multiple missing teeth)
Bentuk marfologi pada umumnya berbentuk
peg shape
Disertai dengan syndrom ectodermal
dysplasia, clefting, trisomy 21, Rieger
syndrome, chondro-ectodermal dysplasia
 Supernumerary teeth
Diagnosa pasti dari supernumerary teeth di
median line yang mesiodens
Penentuan berdasarkan:
Gambaran radiografis.
Foto panoramic atau oklusal.
Gigi rahang atas > gigi rahang bawah
 HYPODONTIA

SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
 Abnormalities of Marfology
Macrodontia
Ukuran lebih besar dari
normal
Permanen teeth 1,1%
Sering terjadi pada laki-laki
Mikrodontia
Ukuran gigi lebih kecil dari
normal
Bentuknya peg shape
Permanen teeth 2% terutama
pada insisive lateral RA
Sering terjadi pada
perempuan
Abnormalitas Morfologi Gigi Sulung

Macrodontia Microdontia

Source: Welbury,2005
 Geamination
Dua gigi yang menyatu menjadi satu dengan
satu saluran akar
Frekwensi gigi decidui 2,5% dan gigi
permanen 0,2%
Mahkota gigi lebih lebar dari normal
Geamination

Geamination pada Insisif lateral/ canine

Gambaran radiografi Gigi

Geamination

Gigi Geamination yg di ekstraksi

Source: Welbury,2005
Fusion

Gambaran klinis Fusion pada Gigi Insisif

Fusion pada Gigi molar
 Fusion
Dua gigi normal yang menyatu menjadi satu
dengan dua saluran akar.
Kadang-kadang gigi normal fused dengan gigi
supernumerary.
Conical Peg Shape

Source: Welbury,2005

Protesa pada anak dengan Ectodermal

Gambaran radiografi conical peg shape pada anak
Dysplasia
dengan Ectodermal Dysplasia
Natal teeth
 Natal teeth
Gigi yang tumbuh pada 30 hari kelahiran
Gigi yang erupsi pada gigi decidui
Biasanya tidak disertai dengan pertumbuhan
akar Gigi goyang
Delayed eruption
Ectopic eruption
Tranposition of teeth
Impaction
Accentuated cingulum/ cusp shape
cingulum
TERIMA KASIH