Dynamic Rock Properties:

Theoretical Background

Prof. Ir. Tutuka Ariadji, M.Sc, Ph.D

WETTABILITY: Definition

Contact Angles define the wettability

Contact Angles and Wettability degrees
 Sudut Kontak Fasa Keterbasahan
0-30 Strongly water wet
30-90 Preferentially water wet
90 Nuetral water wet
90-150 Preferentially oil wet
150-180 Strongly oil wet

Pendular Ring Funicular Ring

Concept of Phase Saturation: Relative amount in volume of a
phase with respect to total fluid volume
Vw
 Water Saturation : S w  , fraksi
Vp
Vo
 Oil saturation : So  , fraksi
Vp

 Gas Saturation: Vg
Sg  , fraksi
Vp

So + Sg + Sw = 1
Capillary Pressure

Difference of non-wetting phase dan wetting phase pressures:

Pc  Pnwp - Pwp
Example: Oil-Gas System:

Pcog = Pgas – Poil

Example: Oil-Water System:

Pcow = Poil– Pwater

Relationship Between Capillary Pressure and Saturation

 Process I is Drainage: Non Wetting Phase displaces Wetting

Phase

Example: Solution Gas Drive Reservoirs

• Process II is Imbibition: Wetting Phase displaces Non

Wetting Phase

Example: Waterflooding
Capillary Pressure with respect to Water Saturation
Pc vs Sw obtained from Laboratory Analysis of
Field Core Samples (reference)
Capillary Pressure and Height

Pcow  Pmin yak  Pair 

h
144
 air   min yak 

Pcow x 144
h
air  min yak
Change from Pc Lab (PCL) to Pc Reservoir (PCR)

2 L Cos  L 2 Cos  L
PCL  , atau r  L
r PCL

2 R Cos  R 2 Cos  R
PCR  , atau r  R
r PCL

2 R Cos  R
PCR  x PCL
2 L Cos  L
 Procedure to change the PCL to PCR

 w  o
1.Calculate PCR  x h ,  in lbm/cu ft.
144

2 L Cos  L
2. Calculate PCL  x PCR
2 R Cos  R

3. Find Sw From the Sw vs PCL curve.

 20

PCL 10
psi

0
0 50 100
SW

PCOW, lab - SW
 water oil

ρ h ρ h
Po  Po/w  w P P Po  Po/w  w
144 W O 144

PO/W
Oil and water
OWC PO/W = P/W = PO//W PO/W
100 % water

20

Pc 10
psi

0
WOC
0
SW 100
Fundamental Properties of
Reservoir Rocks and Waters
Fundamental Properties of Reservoir Rocks and Waters
PERMEABILITY

Absolute Permebilitas (ka)

Single Phase flow

 = log ka + C

Effective Permeability (ke)

More than one phase flow

Relative Permeability (kr)

 1 1

 Non Wetting Phase

(2)

kr

Wetting Phase 

(3) (4)
0
0 Minimum 100
Swp % 0
100 Interstitial Swp
Snwp % Equilibrium Snwp

Relationship of Saturation and Relative Permeability

Saturation & Wettability affect
Pore Size
Fundamental Properties of
Reservoir Rocks and Waters
Fundamental Properties of Reservoir Rocks and Waters