Udder edema And disease

transmitted through milk

 Udder edema
• Acute udder oedema occurs in high producing dairy animals but is more
severe in heifers.
• It starts a few weeks before calving and can continue up to 3 weeks into
lactation.
• Oedema is characterized by an excessive accumulation of lymphatic fluid
in interstitial spaces. Visible accumulation sites include the udder, navel
and brisket regions, and in exceptional cases the thighs and vulva.
• Udder oedema may interfere with milk production, milk letdown, and
machine attachment during milking.
• Severe mammary enlargement makes walking and lying down difficult and
causes discomfort to the animal.
• Causes:
The exact cause of udder oedema is not known. Factors such as
inheritance, circulatory disturbances, and diet are considered the possible
causes.
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• A long dry period and older age at first calving may increase the incidence of oedema.
• There is no clear relationship between concentrate intake, dietary protein content, and the
incident of udder oedema. The common belief that feeding grain causes udder oedema, may
be caused by the practice of salt supplementation in the grain mixture.
• Supplementation of diets with either an excess of 136 g NaCl or 272g KHCO3resulted in
significantly severe oedema in first calf heifers than in control animals. Addition of both salts
resulted in less oedema than when each salt was fed separately.
Prevention:
The prevention of oedema lies in avoiding excess salt during the close-up period.
• prevent milk fever which may also help prevent udder oedema.
• moderate exercise along with good care before calving is also indicated.
• Diuretic treatment can reduce severity and duration of oedema.
• Udder supports may be helpful to protect ligaments from breaking down. In severe cases, one
can start milking before calving.
 Milk Borne Diseases

Anthrax
Sourc
Infectio Causative e of
Sings/Symptoms Control
n Agent Infect
ion
Anthrax Bacillus Milk External form: Boiling of milk for
anthraces handle Malignant pustule, red 40 minutes
rs inflamed swelling and Autoclaving at
fever pressure of 15
Internal form: lbs
Pneumonia with Prevent
haemorrhage environment
contamination of
milk by boiling
 Botulism

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Botulism Chlostridiu Milk Vomiting, abdominal Adequate heat

m pain and difficulty in treatment of milk
botulinum vision later nervous Cool and storage
symptoms consisting at 100oC
double vision, drooping
of eyelid dilatation of
pupil
 Bacillary Dysentery

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Bacillary Shigella Milk Dysentery, fever, Strict sanitary

Dysenter flexneri, handle meningeal symptoms discipline is
y Sh. sonnei, rs enforced in dairy
Sh. workers.
dysenteries Heat treatment
of milk
 Brucellosis

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Brucellosi Brucella Milch Pain in joint and back, Adequate heat

s abortus, animal temperature is usually treatment of milk
Br. s undulant, headache, Eradication of
meletensis, liver and spleen disease from
Br. suis enlarge. It causes dairy animals by
abortion in female test and
elimination
method
Control of
disease by
vaccination
 Cholera

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n
Cholera Cholera Milk Painless diarrhea and Heat treatment
vibrio handle vomiting, initially skin is of milk
r, soil, dry and wrinkled leg,
hand eyes deeply shrunken
of
patient
and
carrier
 Diphtheria

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Diphtheri Corynebact Milk Chilliness and Heat treatment

a erium handle depression, sometimes of milk,
progenies rs vomiting and diarrhea, Examination of
uneasiness in throat, milk handlers
difficulty, stiffness of
back and neck
 Pasteruellosis

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Pasteruell Pasteruella Milch Fever pneumonia Microorganism is

osis multocida animal destroyed at the
s usual
pasteurization
temperature
To prevent
recontamination
of milk after
pasteurization
 Streptococcal infection

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Streptoco Streptococ Milk Scarlet fever, sore Health control of

ccal ci of Group handle throat, difficulty in dairy workers
infection A rs swallowing and Exclusion of milk
milch breathing from mastitis
animal affected quarters
s Adequate heat
treatment of milk
Adequate cooling
of milk
 Tuberculosis

Source
Causative of
Infection Sings/Symptoms Control
Agent Infectio
n

Tuberculo Mycobacter Milk Cough of an irritable Eradication of

sis ium handle nature particularly in bovine
tuberculosi rs the morning. Loss of tuberculosis
s milch appetite and lose of Adequate heat
animal weight, diarrhea or treatment of milk
s constipation. Pleurisy Health control of
causing pain in chest dairy workers
temperature is of
swinging type.
Enlargement of lymph
gland