N ECT O R S

CON
Expressing result:

SO
SUCH
We have invested too much
money in this project.
CONSEQUENTLY en consecuencia
Consequently, we are in financial
difficulties.

AS A RESULT como resultado His wife left him and, as a

result, he became depressed.

We feel, therefore, that a

THEREFORE por lo tanto
decision must be made.
Expressing reason:

SINCE + sentence, before As we didn’t

ya que, como…
AS the main sentence study, we failed

+ sentence,after the We failed

BECAUSE porque… because we
main sentence.
hadn’t studied.

BECAUSE OF a causa de,

+ noun or We couldn’t go
AS A RESULT OF como resultado
noun phrase by train because
OWING TO de, debido a… of the strike.
DUE TO
Expressing purpose:

TO We went to the
IN ORDER TO para + infinitive countryside to find some
SO AS TO peace.

SO THAT He chose this university

IN ORDER THAT para + sentence so that he could study
Physics.
 Expressing contrast:

ALTHOUGH Although the car is

EVEN IF aunque + sentence
old, it is still good.
EVEN THOUGH

DESPITE In spite of the rain, I

a pesar de + noun or -ing.
IN SPITE OF went for a walk.

a pesar del I liked the walking

IN SPITE OF THE + sentence
hecho de que holiday in spite of the
FACT THAT
fact that it was tiring.

HOWEVER sin embargo It is expensive.

However, it is good.
BUT pero John is rich, but /
while his friends are
WHILE mientras
poor.

ON THE ONE HAND por una parte On the one hand, it is

ON THE OTHER HAND por otra parte expensive. On the
other hand, it is good.
 Expressing time:

WHEN cuando When I was driving along the

WHILE mientras road, I saw a terrible accident.
AS

He went out after he’d finished

AFTER después de
dinner.

FIRST primero First, he closed the windows,

THEN luego then he locked the doors.
LATER más tarde Later, he checked everything.

We get a lot of visitors during

DURING / FOR durante the summer.
I stayed there for two weeks.
 Expressing aditional information:
I don’t want to go
BESIDES
at the beginning of out. Besides, there
IN ADDITION (TO THAT) además
the sentence is a good film on
ALSO
TV.
They haven’t paid.
at the beginning of Furthermore, they
FURTHERMORE es más
the sentence have to leave the
house.
She not only
NOT ONLY… no sólo …
central position writes novels but
BUT ALSO sino también
also lectures

at the beginning They robbed a

AS WELL AS (y) también or in a central bank as well as a
position. post office.

TOO at the end of They like Indian

también food. I like Indian
AS WELL the sentence
food, too.
Rephrase these sentences:

1.- Even though they disliked him, they agreed to help.

Despite… their dislike of him, they agreed to help.

2.- As the best seats had been taken, we couldn’t find one.
We couldn’t… find a seat because the best ones had been taken.

3.- It was such a difficult exam that everybody failed.

The exam… was so difficult that everybody failed.

4.- When he finished work, he went out.

He… went out after he had finished work.

5.- John is very rich and his friends are extremely poor.
While… John is very rich, his friends are extremely poor.