WELCOME

Nanotechnology
The Next Very Big (Small) Thing

By
Prasad Ramdas Babagosavi .
(Reg. No. – 03/2015 )
NANO & TECHNOLOGY

• A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one

billionth of a metre(10-9).

• Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools,

machines and techniques, in order to solve a problem or perform a
specific function.
 How Small Is Nanoscale?

A nanometer is…
– one billionth of a meter

DNA Sample: Approx. Human Hair: Approx.

2 nm 1x105 nm
How Small Is Nanoscale ?
 What is Nanotechnology ?
“Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating
matter at the nanoscale”

Properties of Nano-particles :
Dramatic change in properties of a substance when particle
size reduced to nanometer range
 Who Cares
About
Nanotechnology
 Who Cares About Nanotechnology ?

We All Should Care!

– Because it can bring revolution in the current
industrialization and manufacturing processes.
Applications Of Nanotechnology
 NANOPARTICLES & ITS APPLICATIONS
SR. NO. Nanoparticles
1 Silver nanoparticles
2 Fe nanoparticles
3 ZnO and TiO2
4 TiO2 and MgO
5 SiO2 or Al2O3 Nano-
particles with PP or PE
coating
6 Indium-tin oxide nanoparticles
7 Ceramic nanoparticles
8 Carbon black nanoparticles
9 Clay nanoparticles
Properties
Anti-bacterial finishing
Conductive magnetic properties, remote
heating.
UV-protection, fiber protection, oxidative
catalysis
Chemical and biological protective
performance, provide self-
sterilizing function.
Super water repellent finishing.
EM / IR protective clothing.
Increasing resistance to abrasion.
Increasing resistance to abrasion,
chemical resistance and impart electrical
conductivity, coloration of some textiles.
High electrical, heat and chemical
resistance.
Nanotechnology in Textiles
 Nanotechnology Why?

 conventional methods used to impart different properties to fabrics

 will lose their functions after several laundering or wearing.
 Reduce breathability
 Comfort
 Nanotechnology can provide high durability for
fabrics because:
 nano-particles have a large surface area-to-volume ratio
 high surface energy.
 Coating of nano-particles on fabrics will not affect
their breathability or hand feel.
 Nanotechnology in Fabrics

• The properties of familiar materials are being changed

by manufacturers who are adding nano-sized
components to conventional materials to improve
performance.

▫ For example, some clothing manufacturers are

making water and stain repellent clothing using
nano- sized whiskers in the fabric that cause water
to bead up on the surface.

▫ In manufacturing bullet proof jackets.

▫ Making spill & dirt resistant, antimicrobial,

antibacterial fabrics.
 APPLICATION OF NANO-FINISHING

FUNCTIONAL PROTECTION
self-cleaning
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
water repellent fire retardancy

Nano Treated FUNCTIONAL HYGIENE

PROTECTION Anti-microbial
UV absorption Textile

DURABILITY DURABILITY
color fastness abrasion

FUNCTIONAL PROTECTION
Controlled release
of additives
 Different structures of Nano Particles…
Whiskers

Fiber
Fiber

Hooks

Spine

Whiskers

The whiskers get hooked on the fibers to alter the fabric

property.
Nano Whiskers can make the fabric stain & water resistant…

Nano whiskers can keep the fabric breathable too unlike resins
finishes!
Value addition due to Nano Whiskers…

 Water and oil repellency

 Superior durability

 Breathable

 Fabric remains soft, natural

 Wrinkle resistance
Net
 Value addition due to Nano Net…

• Alters the property of synthetic fibers like Polyester to

give a feel of cotton & linen.

• Wicks body moisture fast

• Dries quickly & gives the cooling effect.

 Wrap

Nano sheet wraps the fiber completely to cover it & alter its
property.
Nano wraps can enhance the fabric lasting
time…

Normal fabric trouser with out nano

wrap on the fibers after 50 washes!

Trouser made up fabric with nano

wrap fibers after 50 washes!
Value addition due to Nano Wrap

 Strength and Durability

 Improvement in colorfastness
 Crease Retention
 Static Resistance
 WATER REPELLENT FINISHES
PREVIOUSLY BY PARAFFIN WAX:
Paraffin chains wrap themselves spiral-like around individual fibres,
filaments or yarns in a very fine film
 Reduces surface tension

water droplets and even mud with significantly higher surface tension
simply run off
 Economic
 WATER REPELLENT NANO FINISH

SiO2, Al2O3 nanoparticles are mainly

used for super water repellent finishes

Fibres are coated with millions of

40 nanometer wide silicone
nanofilaments

Silicone is condensed into the fibres in

the form of gas to form nanofilaments

A permanent layer of air, trapped in

silicone nanofilaments, that is present in
the fabric, prevents the water from
penetrating into the cloth
Self Cleaning Clothes
 In our everyday’s life we are always concern about the cleanliness of our
clothes and thus demand a lot of water, energy and time.
 With the development in science and technology, self cleaning clothes are
no more the things of dreams.
 It’s a brilliant application of nanotechnology that has made possible to
obtain this properties on clothes and other materials as well.
 Self cleaning materials are based on nanocrystals making the surface oil
or water repellent by controlling wettability and surface interaction.
 Researchers have created a coating that can be integrated into
virtually any fabric, allowing dirt to be released when water is applied.
 Antibacterial and Deodorant finishes based on
nanotechnology

'Ag fresh'
 Typical example: when human body perspire the clothing in contact with skin
such as socks, shirts etc smell due to growth of bacteria.

 This drawback is eliminated by Ag fresh finish

 Incorporate silver particles in a size of around 4nm into fiber

 A material of superior antibacterial, deodorant properties with good

laundering fastness has been brought about by letting silver particles
penetrate into the fiber itself.
 With the use of nano-sized particles, the number of particles per unit area is
increased, and thus anti-bacterial effects can be maximised.
 Ag nanoparticle penetration in fibre
 Metallic ions and metallic compounds
display a certain degree of sterilizing effect.
 It is considered that part of the oxygen in
the air or water is turned into active oxygen
by means of catalysis with the metallic ion,
thereby dissolving the organic substance to
create a sterilising effect .
 It inhibits the multiplication and growth of
those bacteria and fungi which cause
infection, odour, itchiness and sores.
 Hence, nano-silver particles are widely
applied to socks in order to prohibit the
growth of bacteria.
DISADVANTAGE OF USING SILVER NPs

 High cost
 Tendency to cause decoloration in textile
 Loss in tensile sttength and elongation both
Flame Retardent Finishing

 Flame retardant finshes provide textiles with an important performance

characteristics such as :
• Protection of consumers from unsafe apparel
• Firefighters and emergency personnel require protection
• The military
• The Airline industry
 In cotton textile , chemicals such as borax and boric acid mixture are
applied to impart the flame retardant property.
 Boron based derivatives provide better stability of finish due to their
deeper penetration into the fibre, yarn and fabric structure.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NANO FINISHING IN
GARMENTS

 Nano – processed garments have protective coating, which is

water and beverage repellent.
 Saving time and laundering cost.
 This technology is environmental friendly.
 Nano-materials allows good ventilation and reduces moisture
absorption, resulting in enhanced breathability while
maintaining the good hand feel of ordinary material.
 The crease resistant feature keeps clothing neat
 Garments stay bright, fresh looking and are more durable than
ordinary materials.
 Manufacturing cost is low, adding value to the products.
 FUTURE PROSPECT
Future developments of nanotechnologies in textiles will have a two
fold focus:
Upgrading existing functions and performances of textile

materials;
 Developing multifunctional finishes using nano technology

The new functions with textiles to be developed include

Nanofibres that would detoxify and filter toxic chemicals, warfare
agents. Multiple and sophisticated protection and detection.
 Healthcare and wound healing functions
 CONCLUSION

Nanotechnology takes finishing to an advance level by covering

demerits of conventional finishes
Nano finish impart some valuable property to fabric but may have
some disadvantage in terms of strength loss, toxicity.
 To overcome these barrier the research on nanofinish need to
expand in direction of sustainable, ecofriendly nanofinish
Nanotechnology In Food Processing
Basic Materials Food Safety
ENCAPSULATION & DELIVERY SYSTEM

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIAL
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Most attractive area of food Nano-science research and
development is- PACKAGING

2008 2014

$ 4.13 billion $ 7.3 billion

Annual growth rate 11.65%

Application of Nano-materials in Packaging

1. Polymer Nanocomposites

Nano-materials 2. Nano-coatings

3. Surface biocides

4. Active packaging Silicon-carbon-nanocomposite

5. Intelligent Packaging

6. Bio-plastics
(Bradley, E.L. 2011)
1. Polymer Nano-composites (PNCs)

Incorporating nanomaterials into the packaging

polymer to improve physical performance, durability,
barrier properties, and biodegradation.
(Bradley, E.L. 2011)

Polymer Matrix + Nanomaterials=

PNCs
 Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs)
PNCs are created by dispersing an inert, Nano scale filler throughout a
polymeric matrix.
 (Ramanadhan, t. et al.
Filler are 2008)
1. Clay and silicate 5. Starch nanocrystals
nanoplatelets,  (Chen, Y. et al.
(Duncan, T. V 2011 ) 2008)
2. Silica (SiO2) 6. Cellulose-based Nanofibers or
nanoparticles,  nanowhiskers
(Wu, C.L. et al. 2002)
 (Azeredo, H.M.C et al. 2010)
3. Carbon nanotubes
7. chitin or chitosan nanoparticles.
(Zhou, X. et al. 2007)
 (Lu, Y. et al. 2004)
4. Graphene
8. Other inorganics.
 (Yang. Y et al 2008)
 Properties of PNCs
1. Enhance polymer barrier properties;
2. Stronger ;
3. More flame resistant;
4. Possess better thermal properties (E:- Melting points, degradation
and glass transition temperatures) than control polymers which
contain no nanoscale filler;
5. Alterations in surface wettability and hydrophobicity.
(Ray et al., 2003, Kojima et al., 1993)
 2. Nano-coatings

• Incorporating nanomaterials onto the packaging surface (either the inside or

the outside surface, or a sandwiched as a layer in a laminate) to improve
especially the barrier properties.
• Using nano-thin coatings (polymer + nanoparticles) can help
provide
enhanced barrier performance.
• Vacuum-deposited aluminium coatings on plastic films.
• Coating of the surfaces of glass food and beverage containers (bottles, jars)
with organosilanes.
 Nano-Silica Coated High Oxygen
Barrier Films
Features
- Excellent Oxygen and moisture barrier
- shelf life of packaged food increases, and hence
the production cost can be decreased.
- Aroma Preservataion,
- Transparent ,
- Good printablility and Laminating machinability,
- Eco-friendly )
- Time-invariant transparency,
- Excellent mechanical and optical property
(Retains
the properties and characteristics of base
films).
 3. Surface Biocides
• Incorporating nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties on
the
packaging surface of packaging material.
• Used to maintain the hygienic condition of the food contact surface by
preventing or reducing microbial growth and helping ‘cleanability’.
• Common in some reusable food containers such as boxes and crates
and the inside liners of refrigerators and freezers also.
 Surface Biocides
Have a very high ratio of surface area to mass

Chemicals commonly used are

a) Nano silver ( in the form of metallic
silver(Ag) , AgNO3, etc.)
a) Zinc oxide
b) Titanium dioxide (TiO2)
c) Magnesium oxide
4. Active Nano-packaging
Incorporating nanomaterials with antimicrobial or other properties (e.g.
antioxidant) with intentional release into- and consequent effect on the
packaged food. (Bradley et al., 2011)

1. Antimicrobial agents like AgNPs , magnesium oxide, copper and copper

oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium selenide/telluride, chitosan and carbon nanotubes are
used.
• Ultrasonically dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles throughou EVOH films
observed their effective photo-activated t biocidal and properties
microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) against
(Kim et al., 2003)
AgNPs being incorporated into cellulose pads for use in modified atmosphere
packaging of fresh beef. ( Fernandaz et al., 2010)
 5. Intelligent Packaging
Incorporating nanosensors to monitor and report on the condition of the
food.
• They are able to respond environmental changes inside the package
(Temperature, humidity and level of oxygen exposure)
• Nanosensers communicate the degradation of product or
microbial
contamination. (Bouwmeester et al., 2009)
• Also give the history of storage and period of storage.
 Nanosensors in Packaging
• Nanosensors can detect certain chemical compounds, pathogens,and
toxins
in food,
• Eliminate the need for inaccurate expiration dates,
• Providing real-time status of food freshness (Liao, Chen, & Subramanian,
2005).
Eg. Ripesense, onvu
( www.ripesense.com, www.onvu.com)
OnVu™ –TO ENSURE THE COLD CHAIN
Nanosensors in Packaging
Ripeness sensor:
React with aromas released by fruit as it
ripens

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Leakage indicators:
Dye changes color in presence of air. ( TiO2
nanoparticles are used)

6
APPLICATON OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN FOOD
PROCESSING
 During food processing, nanoparticles have been applied to improve nutritional
quality, flow properties, flavor, color and stability or to increase shelf life.

 Indeed, nanotechnology might help in development of healthier food with lower

fat, sugar and salts to overcome many food-related diseases.

 Recently, bulk amounts of SiO2 and TiO2 oxides have been permitted as food
additives (E551 and E171,respectively) (EFSA, 2000).

 Effective olive oil hydrolysis by the use of covalent immobilization of

porcine triacylglycerol lipase onto functionalized nanoscale SiO2 with reactive
aldehyde group for better reuse, adaptation and stability have also been reported
(Bai et al., 2006).

 Several nano and micro-structured assemblies of nanoparticles have

designed bee for encapsulation of food ingredients,
 Interactive foods and beverages give desired flavors ad colours (on-demand
delivery) by the addition of Nano capsules which burst at different microwave
frequencies.

 U.S nanotechnology center has explored the application of nanotechnology for

water purification and treatment focusing on membrane and membrane
processes.

 Nanotubes made of milk protein by self-assembly have potential to be used

as novel ingredients for viscofying, gelation and nanoencapsulation
controlled release.
 Application of Nanotechnology in Food
Microbiology and Food Safety
 Detection of very small amounts of chemical contaminants, viruses and bacteria
is another application of nanotechnology.

 Food pathogens can be detected using nano-flourescent particles manufactured

out of magnetic materials .

 Chip based sensing is another new area for rapid detection of biological
pathogens with tremendous potential in early warning regarding exposure to air
and pathogens.

 The can be incorporated to alert consumers, producers

biosensors againstand
distributors safety status of the processing
product.
Future Of Nanotechnology
 Future Of Nanotechnology

National Science and Technology Council (USA) claims

that:
“Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that will change
the nature of almost every human-made object in the next
century.”
 Govt. policy
 The Government of India has made Rs. 1000
crore investments in Nanotechnology

 Karnataka is planning to set up country's first

nano park in Bangalore

 Govt of Andhra Pradesh is planning to set up

Nano-technology Park in 350 acre in
Hyderabad
 CONCLUSION:-
 As a conclusion to this topic I would like to say that Nanotechnology is
a brand new technology that has just began, it is a revolutionary
science that will change all what we knew before.

 The future that we were watching just in science fiction movies will in
the near future be real.

 This new technology will first of all, keep us healthy because of Nano
robots that will repair every damage that we have in our body.

 Nanotechnology will give us an abundant energy because it will

transform energy more effectively.

 Nanotechnology covers a lot of domains today and will cover a lot more
in the near future, it is infinitely big and will make a lot of inventions
come true like teleportation for example which scientists are working on
today.
 The End

T h a n k s f o r A tt e n t i o n