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f(x)
f(xi)
x f x
i, i
f(xi )
xi 1 = xi -
f (xi )
f(xi-1)
xi+2 xi+1 xi X
Newton-Raphsons Method-cont.
f(x)
AB
tan(
AC
f(xi) B
f ( xi )
f ' ( xi )
xi xi 1
f ( xi )
C
xi 1 xi
A X f ' ( xi )
xi+1 xi
Algorithm for Newton-Raphson Method
f(xi )
xi 1 = xi -
f'(xi )
Find the absolute relative approximate error
xi 1- xi
a =
xi 1
Algorithm for Newton-Raphson Method-cont.
19.01 273.15
and
18.99 273.15
Solution-Dry Run
Graph of function f(x)
f ( R) 2.341077 x10 3 ln( R) 8.775468 x10 8 ln R 2.293775 x10 3
3
4
0.001
9.5188110
0
0
f ( x) 0.001
0.002
3
2.2937810 0.003
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
1 x 4
f(x)
Solution-cont.
First iteration:
Entered function along given interval with curre nt and next root and the
tangent line of the curve at the current root
3
1.6701710
0.001 R0 2
f R0
R1 R0 /
f R 0
f ( x)
0
0
f ( x)
f ( x)
tan( x)
6.71035 x10 4
0.001 R1 2
1.1706 x10 3
0.002
2.57324
3
a 22.277%
2.2937810
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
1 x x 0 x 1 x 4
f(x)
prev. guess
new guess
tangent line
Solution-cont.
Second iteration:
Entered function along given interval with curre nt and next root and the
tangent line of the curve at the current root
3
1.2171710
0.001
R1 2.57324
5 10
f R1
4
R2 R1
f / R 1
0
0
f ( x)
f ( x)
5 10
8.09957 x10 5
4
R2 2.57324
f ( x)
9.0987 x10 4
tan( x)
0.001
0.0015
2.66226
0.002
a 3.34374%
3
2.2937810
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
1 x x 1 x 2 x 4
f(x)
prev. guess
new guess
tangent
Solution-cont.
Third iteration:
3
1.1751110 0.001
R2 2.66226
f R2
0
0
R3 R2
f ( x)
f / R 2
f ( x)
f ( x)
1.3692 x10 6
tan( x) 0.001
2.66226
8.79452 x10 4
2.2937810
3
0.002
2.66382
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
1
f(x)
x x 2 x 3 x 4
a 0.05845%
prev. guess
new guess
tangent
Advantages and Drawbacks of Newton-Raphsons
Method
10
f(x)
0
2
-2 -1 0 3 1 2
1 x
-5
-10
-15
-20
Inflection point
Drawbacks cont.
1.00E-05
f(x)
7.50E-06
5.00E-06
2.50E-06
0.00E+00 x
-0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
-2.50E-06
0.02
-5.00E-06
f x x3 0.03x 2 2.4x106 0
-7.50E-06
-1.00E-05
Division by zero
Drawbacks cont.
1.5
f(x)
1
0.5
x
0
-2 -0.063069
0 0.54990 2 4 4.462 6 7.53982
8 10
-0.5
-1
f x Sin x 0
-1.5
Root Jumping
Drawbacks cont.
6
f(x)
5
3
3