Presented By:

JUNAID AHEMAD KHAN

B.E Civil IIIrd Year
15CVB-737
GG-1018
 INTRODUCTION
Definition of hazardous waste
• Some types of waste which are harmful to
human health, or to the environment, either
immediately or over an extended period of
time. These are called hazardous waste.
• Any waste which by reason of any of its
physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable,
explosive, or corrosive causes danger to health
or environment.
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 SOURCES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Inorganic & organic chemicals
• Petroleum refineries
• Iron & steel
• Non ferrous metals
• Leather tanning
• Metal finishing

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INDUSTRIES PRODUCING HAZARDOUS
WASTE
• Petrochemicals
• Pesticides
• Paints and dyes
• Fertilizers
• Asbestos
• Caustic soda
• Inorganic chemicals & general engineering

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WASTE GENERATION RATES BY INDUSTRY

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 CHARACTERISTICS OF HAZARDOUS
WASTE
• Ignitability (flash point >60°C)
• Corrosivity (ph <2 or >12.5)
• Reactivity (unstable materials or materials
that cause violent reaction when in contact
with other material)
• Toxicity (Leachate Test)

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 LISTED HAZARDOUS WASTE

• F- Listed (from non specific sources)

E.g. - benzene, toulene
• K-Listed (specific industrial process)
E.g. - pigment and pesticide
• P-Listed (commercial chemical products)
• U-Listed (differ from P-list by quantity)

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TYPICAL HAZARDOUS WASTE TYPES

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 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
STRATEGY
Objectives
• Waste minimization
• Detoxification and neutralization of waste by
treatments.
• Destruction of combustible waste by
incineration
• Solidification of sludge and ash
• Disposal of residues in landfills.
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Waste Minimization
1. Helps in resource conservation, economic
efficiency and environmental protection.
2. The strategies include -
• Source reduction
• Recycling
• Waste exchange

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TREATMENT OF HARZARDOUS WASTE
• There are 5 types by which the hazardous
waste can be treated:-
• Physical treatment
• Chemical treatment
• Thermal treatment
• Biological treatment
• Disposal method

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PHYSICAL TREATMENT
It includes :-
1. Filtration and separation.
2. Screening, sedimentation, adsorption,
centrifugation, stripping.

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 FILTRATION AND SEPERATION
• Filtration is the method for separating solid
particle from liquid using a porous medium.
The application of filtration of treatment of
HW fall into two categories:-
1. Clarification
2. De watering

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CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Chemical method are:-
a. Chemical precipitation.
b. Chemical oxidation and reduction.
c. Neutralization.
• To reduce the hazard of particular waste.
• To make the complete breakdown of HW into
non-toxic form.

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 CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

• In these reactions the oxidation state of one

reactant is raised, while the other reactant is
lowered.
• E.g. - this kind of treatment is used for the
waste of
1. Sulphide
2. Cyanide
3. Many organic waste such as pesticides and
phenols.
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 SOLIDIFICATION AND STABILIZATION
• Solidification is the process in which certain
materials are added that leads to production
of solids.
• Stabilization is the process by which a waste
is converted to more chemically stable form.
It involves the chemical reactions which
transform the toxic component to a new non-
toxic compound.

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THERMAL TREATMENT
It involves two processes
Incineration :- It is a term commonly used to
describe all systems of burning carried out in a
multi chamber incinerator.
Temperature of secondary chamber-1100°C
Pyrolysis :- It is the chemical decomposition or
change bought about by heating in absence of
oxygen.
Temperature- 425-760°C

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BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
• Composting
• Anaerobic & aerobic treatment
• Pseudomonas bacteria- benzene, phenol and
cresol

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 DISPOSAL METHODS
• The options for disposal include land disposal,
underground disposal and deep well injection.
• The choice of disposal should be based on
evaluation of economics and potential
pollution risks.
• To prevent environmental pollution for land
fills, it is essential that c/s are taken into
account

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 CONCLUSION
On the basis of the above study it is
recommended that HW should be produced I as
little quantities as possible. The laws and
regulation formulated for the treatment and
disposal of HW should be ristricly implemented.
They should be recycle or treated properly and if
they are non biodegradable then disposed in a
way that they do not cause any damage to our
Health and Environment.
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