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6.13
DC POWER DISTRIBUTION
a. Voltage or Power
transformers
b. Current transformers.
• Principle of operation
• Transformer Configuration
• Step Up Transformer – Deliver higher secondary voltage then the
primary
• Step Down Transformer – Deliver lower secondary voltage then the primary
Circuit Connection
• Voltage transformers
The primary windings are in parallel with the
supply voltage;
• Current transformers
The primary windings of are connected in series.
A single-phase transformer
• Auto transformer
It consists of a single winding tapped to form
primary and secondary parts.
• Current transformers are used in many a.c.
generator regulation and protection systems
• These transformers have an input/output current
relationship which is inversely proportional to the
turns ratio of the primary and secondary
windings.
• The primary winding consist of passing a main
cable power system, through the core aperture.
The cable is wound with a single turn if it carries
high currents, and two or three turns if it carries
low currents. The operating principle is the same
as that of a conventional transformer.
• Typical Current transformer construction
• Contrary to the practice adopted for voltage transformers, whenever the
secondary windings of current transformers are disconnected from their
load circuits,
• terminals must be short-circuited together.
• If this is not done, a dangerous voltage may develop which may be
harmful to anyone accidentally touching the terminals, or may even cause
an electrical breakdown between the windings.
AUTO TRANSFORMER
• Its circuit arrangement is
shown it consists of a
single winding tapped to
form primary and
secondary parts.
• The tappings provide a
stepped-up voltage
output, since the number
of primary turns is less
than that of the
secondary turns.
• Transformation can be connected in three type of connection
• From a single-phase supply or any one phase of the 3-phase
supply.
• Transformers for 3-phase circuits can be connected in one of
several combinations of the star and delta connections
depending on the requirements for the transformer.
• There are:
• A. Star Connection with three wires
• B. Star Connection with four wires
• C. Star and Delta Connection
Interconnecting Star Connection
• When the connection is used in a
3-phase transformers for the
operation of three-phase
consumer equipment, the
transformer may be connected as
a three-phase system.
• Transformer-rectifier
units (T.R.U.’s) are
combinations of static
transformers and
rectifiers,
• utilized in some a.c.
systems as secondary
supply units,
• also as the main
conversion units in
aircraft having rectified
a.c. power systems.
• operate on a regulated 3-phase input of 200
volts at a frequency of 400 Hz
• It provide a continuous d.c. output of 110 A
at approximately 28 volts.
• The circuit shows The unit consists of a
transformer and two 3-phase bridge rectifier
• rectifier assemblies mounted on separate
sections of the casing.
• The transformer has a conventional star-
wound primary winding and secondary
windings wound in star and delta.
• Each secondary winding is connected to
individual bridge rectifier assemblies made
up of six silicon diodes, and connected in
parallel.
• An ammeter shunt (dropping 50 mV at 100
A) is connected in the output side of the
rectifiers enable current taken from the main
d.c. output terminals to be measured .
• Cooling of the unit is by natural convection
through gauze-covered ventilation panels
• to give warning of over heating conditions,
thermal switches are provided at the
transformer and rectifier assemblies,
connected to independent warning lights.
• These switches are supplied with d.c. from
an external source their contacts close when
temperature conditions rise to approximately
150°C and 200°C.
INVERTORS
• a.c. to power certain systems
Flight Instruments, Navigation
Receivers, in an emergency
• During emergency power is
supplied by aircraft batteries.
Aircraft Batteries only provide
d.c;
• therefore be provided AC
power,d.c is converted. to a.c.
This divice is called the inverter or
converter.
• Inverters are of 2 distinct types:-
• Rotary Inverter.
• Static Inverter.
PRINCIPLE OPERATION
Cooling of the inverter is done by means of a fan fitted at the slip ring end of the armature shaft.
The disadvantage of this type of inverter is that it is a rotating machine – therefore require regular
servicing and maintenance.
• The rotary inverter is simple
d.c. source generator i driven
by a motor. On the same shaft
of the motor, an a.c. generator
is mounted. They are
powered by a d.c. source and
have a.c. as an output.
The control box are separately
or mounted inside the
inverter housing.