PRESSURE MONITORING IN

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

USING ZIGBEE TRANSCEIVER
Presented By:

C.VENKATA SUDHEER {B150121EC}

AYUSH KUMAR { B150065EC }

Guided by:
Dr..HEMANT KUMAR KATHANIA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, ECE Dept.,
NIT SIKKIM
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

 To create a model of Tyre Pressure Monitor using a

wireless sensor network and ARM microcontroller.
Contents
 Introduction
 Present System of Pressure Monitoring
 Importance of Pressure Monitoring
 Description about the Hardware Components
 Circuit Description and Working of System
Motivation
 Tyres are the only contacts between the vehicle and the
road
 Failure to maintain optimum tire pressure may result
 Faster tire wear
 Tire failure
 Loss of control
 Increase in fuel consumption.
 By continuously monitoring the tire pressure, fuel consumption
and accidents due to tire puncture can be reduced.
 Thus it is very essential to monitor the tire pressure frequently.
Importance of Maintaining Correct
Pressure
 Three different situations comes to tire pressure:
1. Correct Inflation
2. Under Inflation
3.Over Inflation
Under Inflation:

 An underinflated tyre can affect load-carrying capacity.

 Cannot maintain the ideal tyre shape and thus need more energy to move the
vehicle.

Over Inflation:
 Stiff and thus the areas of contacts with the road are somewhat reduced.
 Give more bumpy rides with less cushioning compared to tyres with correct
pressure.
 Get easily punctured by sharp objects.
Correct inflation:

Correct tyre pressure improves

 fuel efficiency
 better and safer handling
 increase the longevity of tire life.
The components that are used in designing the Pressure Monitoring System are:
1. LPC 2148 Microcontroller
2. Pressure Sensor
3. Zigbee Transmitter and Receiver
4. 20*4 LCD
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 TRANSMITTER:

20*4 LCD
PRESSURE
SENSOR

LPC  RECEIVER
2148 XBEE MODULE

20*4
LCD
LPC 2148
XBEE
MODULE
LPC2148 ARM MICROCONTROLLER:
ARM Processors (or Microcontrollers) are a family of powerful CPUs that are
based on the Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture.

Features of ARM Processors:

• ARM Processors have a good speed of execution to power consumption
ratio.
• They have a wide range of clock frequency ranging from 1MHz to few
GHz.
• Supports enhanced instructions for DSP operations.
• ARM supports multiple stages of pipeline to speed up the flow of
instructions
In the design of “Pressure Monitoring system using ZigBee transceiver”, we
use the basic version microcontroller called LPC2148 which belongs to ARM7
series of the ARM microcontrollers.
LPC2148 is a 32-bit Microcontroller based on the ARM7TDMI-S Family
 Features of LPC2148 Microcontroller:
• LPC2148 is a -bit microcontroller based on ARM7 family (ARM7TDMI-S to
be specific) and is available in a 64 pin LQFP Package (Low Profile Quad
Flat Package).
• It has an on-chip static RAM of 32kB and an on-chip flash memory of
512kB.
• LPC2148 has two 10-bit ADCs (ADC0 and ADC1)
• It also has a 10-bit DAC (Digital to Analog Converter) [5]
PRESSURE SENSOR: (BMP 180)

• BMP 180 is a high precision digital pressure sensor for consumer

applications. The ultra-low power, low voltage electronics of the
BMP180 is optimized for use in mobile phones, PDAs, GPS
navigation devices and outdoor equipment.
• The I2C interface allows for easy system integration with a
microcontroller.

[4]
ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION:
• ZigBee communication is specially built for control and sensor networks
on IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area networks
(WPANs).
• The date rate of 250 kbps is best suited for periodic as well as
intermediate two way transmission of data between sensors and
controllers.
• ZigBee is low-cost and low-powered mesh network widely deployed for
controlling and monitoring applications where it covers 10-100 meters
within the range
[3]
Comparison
 Applications of ZigBee Technology:
Industrial Automation: In manufacturing and production industries, a communication
link continually monitors various parameters and critical equipments. Hence ZigBee
considerably reduce this communication cost as well as optimizes the control process
for greater reliability.
Home Automation:
• lighting system control
• appliance control
• heating and cooling system control
• surveillance, and so on
Smart Metering: Zigbee remote operations in smart metering include energy
consumption response, pricing support, security over power theft, etc.
[1] [2]
LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY):

• A LCD display or liquid crystal display is a display module with

liquid crystals and backlight by LEDs. A 16 x 2 LCD display consists
of two rows of display with each row consisting of 16 characters.
This LCD Module has 16 pins and operates on 5V supply
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER


Circuit Description: Transmitter
o In the transmitter section, a pressure transducer is fitted on the tyre
valve to measure the pressure inside the tire.
o The analog signal of pressure is then converted to digital one by ADC.
o The digital value of pressure is stored in microcontroller and sent to the
ZigBee module through serial communication.
o Thus the pressure value is transmitted wirelessly.
Circuit Description: Receiver

o In receiver section, another zigbee module receives the digital data.

o This data is transmitted to the microcontroller which converts the
ascii code into binary.
o Finally the value of the tyre pressure is displayed in the LCD in psi.
o Separate power supply unit is used for transmitter and receiver.
Keil Software

 We develop the model through coding in Embedded C in Keil

uvision Software.
 Keil provides wide range of development tools ANSI C compiler,
debuggers,simulators and evaluation boards for Intel 8051, ARM
Microcontrollers etc.,
FLOW CHART FOR TRANSMITTER

START

DEFINE PORTS &

VARIABLES

READ ADC PRESSURE

CONVERT DECI TO ASCII

SEND ASCII PRESSEURE TO

ZIGBEE

WAIT FOR 1 SEC

Receiver
START

DEFINE PORTS AND

VARIABLES

READ SERIAL DATA

Received data Received

!= 0 ? Data =0

READ SERIAL DATA

SAVE DATA FROM

ZIGBEE

DISPLAY THE PRESSURE

RECEIVED FROM ZIGBEE
ADVANTAGES

 Tyre life can be increased over 25% by proper tyre inflation.

 Accidents due to tyre puncture can be reduced.
 Fuel efficiency is improved.
Example:
CONCLUSION:
 Thus the best performance of Zigbee in Wireless Sensor Network which
helps in transmitting pressure values will make the Pressure Monitoring
System more effective in functioning and thus in turn make monitoring of
pressure values of tires of vehicles easy.
 This leads to avoidance of many problems faced due to under inflation
and over inflation of tires.
FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:
• The implemented process should be done in real hardware and
observe the working process.
• And if possible, we can measure different parameters of a vehicle
such as distance (for parking), and temperature using
corresponding sensors and ZigBee technology.
• If any of the sensors detect a critical level, then our system will be
used to provide audio/visual warnings to the driver.
REFERENCES:
• [1] Mounica, A., & Subbareddy, G. V. ZIGBEE TRANSMITTER FOR IOT
WIRELESS DEVICES.
• [2] Ibrahim, A. (2015). Using ZigBee for Wireless Remote Monitoring and
Control. Journal of Energy, 2(5), 189-197.
• [3] Chavan, C. H., & Karande, P. V. (2014). Wireless monitoring of soil
moisture, temperature & humidity using zigbee in agriculture. Int. J. Eng.
Trends Technol, 11(10), 493-497.
• [4] BMP180 Digital Pressure Sensor Data Sheet
• [5] NXP Semiconductors lpc2142/44/46/48 product data sheet