Lecture Week 6

ANNOUNCEMENTS
• Week 6,7,9 is for Electrostatics
• Midterm Exam will be on April, 26 (Thurs.) at class time

OUTLINE
• Coulomb’s Law
• Electric Field & Calculation
• Electric Flux Density

Reading: Chapt. 4
Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 1 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.
 Electric Fields due to Continuous Charge
Distributions
 dQ  LdL  Q  L LdL (line charge) (4.13a ) 
 
 dQ  SdS  Q   SdS (surface charge) (4.13b) 
 S 
 dQ   vdv  Q    vdv ( volume charge) (4.13c) 
 v

 
 E   Ldl a R (line charge) (4.14a ) 
 40R 2 
 
E  dS 
  S 2 aR (surface charge) (4.14b) 
 40R 
 
  vdv  
 E   a
2 R
( volume charge) (4.14c) 
 40R 

Figure 4.5 Various charge

distributions and charge
elements.
Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 2 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.
 Line Charge
dQ  LdL  Ldz
 
Q
z z dE z dE
z AB Ldz (4.17)
 2  1  
(0, 0, z)T dE y
dL  dz ( x , y, z)
B
 
R  ( x , y, z)  ( x, y, z) dL R
 ( x , y, z)  (0, 0, z) (0, 0, z)
   A
 xa x  ya y  (z  z' )a z
 
 a   ( z  z ' ) a z x O y

R 2  2  (z  z' ) 2
     
aR R a   ( z  z ' ) a z Q aR
  3 E
R 2
|R| 
2  (z  z' ) 2 
3/ 2 40 R 2

  dz 
dE  L 2 a R
40 R
 
  L B a   ( z  z ' ) a z
E  dz (4.18)
40 A
 
3
2  ( z  z' ) 2 2
Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 3 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.
  
 
1/ 2 1 z dE z dE
R  2  (z  z' ) 2    sec  
cos   2  1  dE y
(0, 0, z)T
z'  OT   tan , dz   sec2 d ( x, y, z)
B
B  2 
A dz'  12 ( sec  d) dl R
(0, 0, z)
 A
 cos 
R
z  z' x O y
 sin 
R   dz 
dE  L 2 a R

E
  
 - L  2  sec 2  cos  a   sin  a z d  40R
 
  L B a   (z  z' )a z
40 1 2 sec 2  (4.18) E   dz
40 A 2

  (z  z' )2  3
2
  
 
  L  2 cos  a   sin  a z d
40 1
 (4.19)

 L
E
40
  
 (sin  2  sin 1 )a   (cos  2  cos 1 )a z  (4.20)

 L 
E a  (4.21) (Infinite Line Charge): α1=π/2, α2=-π/2
20
 sin cos

tan 1 cot

sec csc
sin(  )  sin  cos   cos  sin 
sin( 2)  2 sin  cos 
cos(  )  cos  cos   sin  sin 
cos(2 )  cos 2   sin 2 
tan   tan 
tan(  ) 
1  tan  tan 
d sin 
 cos 
d
d cos 
  sin 
d
d tan 
 sec2 
d
 Surface Charge
dQ   S dS
Q    S dS

 dQ 
dE  aR
4 0 R 2

  
R  ha z   (a ), 
R | R |  2  h 2  1
2  
dS  d dz a 

 R 
aR  , dQ   S dS   S dd  d dz a 
R 
 d d a z
 
  s dd [ a  ha z ]
dE  (4.24)
4 0 [   h ]
2 2 32

Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 6 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.

 =  0 : 뒷장 ( 상수가 아닌 단위 벡터 )
 
 sdd[a   ha z ]
dE  2 2 3/ 2
(4.24)
40[  h ]
   2  hdd 
E   dE z  S  0   0 2 2 3 / 2
az
40 [  h ]
Sh  1 
 20 [2  h 2 ]3 / 2 d (2 ) a z
40 2


Sh
20
 2 2 1 / 2  
 [  h ] 
0 az

 S 
E az (4.25)
20
 S 
E an (4.26) (Infinite Sheet Charge)
20

Parallel Plate Capacitor

 S   S   
E an  ( a n )  S a n (4.27)
20 20 0
 상수가 아닌 단위 Vector


 sdd[a  ] 
ay
dE   y
40 [2  h 2 ]3 / 2  
 a   cos a x
2 
s d   sin a y
 2
a
2 3/ 2 
d 
40 [  h ]

ax
2  2   x
0 a d  0 (cos a x  sin a y )d
 2  2
 a x 0 (cos )d  a y 0 (sin )d

0
 Discussions

Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 9 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.

 Volume Charge
dQ   v dv

Q    v dv    v dv   v  dv
4a 3
 v
3
  dv 
dE  v 2 a R
40 R

    dv cos 
E  E z  E  a z   dE cos   v  (4.29)
40 R2

dv  r '2 sin ' dr ' d' d (4.30)

R 2  z 2  r '2 2zr ' cos '

r '2  z 2  R 2  2zRcos

Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 10 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.

 Integrator of Spherical Coordinate

z
r sinθdφ
rdθ
(4.30) dv  r 2 sin drdd
ρ=r sinθ
θ dr
r r  2
Volume  00  0 0 (r sin d)(rd)(dr )
φ y
rdφ 4
 r03
x 3
θ  는 Zenith Angle 이고
는 Azimuthal Angle.

Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 11 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.

 z
  dv   
a R   sin a 
dE  v 2 a R
40 R   
az  cos a z
 v dv  
 (  sin  a   cos  a z) 
40 R 2
a

y
2  2  

0
a  d   (cos a x  sin a y )d
0
  
 2  2 a R   sin a   cos a z
 a x  (cos )d  a y  (sin )d
0 0

0 
y a y

 
 a   cos a x

 sin a y


ax
x
cos  
z 2  R 2  r '2
2zR
(4.31a )  dv  r sin  d r d dr
z 2  r '2  R 2 RdR
cos '  (4.31b) sin ' d'  (4.32)
2zr ' zr '

 2 a zr ' RdR z 2  R 2  r '2 1

Ez  v  d' 
2
r' dr '
40  ' 0 r ' 0 R zr ' zr ' 2zR R2
 2 a zr '  z 2  r '2 
 v 2
80 z  r' R zr '
r '1 

2
R 
 dRdr '
zr '
v   a (z  r ' 2 2
)
 0 
40 z 2
r ' R 
R
 dr '
 zr '
v  a 2 1 1 4 3 
40 z 2 0
 4 r ' dr '  2 
a  v 
40 z 3 

 Q 
E a
2 z
(4.33)
40 z
 Q 
E a
2 r
(4.34) (due to symmetry)
40 r
Ex 4.4  선전하밀도가 ρL C/m,  반경 a 인 고리가 그림과 같이 있
다.
(a) z=h 에서 전장을 구하라 .
** Z  축 방향의 성분 밖에 없다 .

2 1  L ad h z
Ez    
0 40 h 2  a 2 h2  a2 
1  L ah (4.13a ) dQ  LdL
 h
2 0 ( h 2  a 2 ) 3 / 2   dl 
(4.14a) E   L 2 a R
40R

a
(b) Ez 가 최대가 되는 h y
E z ad
0
h x
 h 2 2 3 / 2 3 2 2 5 / 2
 ( h  a )  h ( h  a ) 2h
h (h 2  a 2 )3 / 2 2
 h 2  a 2  3h 2  0
h  a / 2
(c)  고리의 총전하가 Q 일 때 반경 a0  이면 전장 Ez 는 ?

1  L ah z
Ez 
2 0 ( h 2  a 2 ) 3 / 2 
Q h
ah
1 2a

2 0 ( h 2  a 2 ) 3 / 2
a
1 Qh
 y
40 (h 2  a 2 ) 3 / 2
ad
1 Qh x

40 (h 2  0) 3 / 2
1 Q

40 h 2
Ex 4.5  z=0, x=[0,1], y=[0,1] 인 평면의 전하밀도 ρs=xy(x2+y2+25)3/2 nC/m2. 

(a)  평면의 총 전하 1 1
Q  0 0 xy( x 2  y 2  25)3 / 2 dxdy nC
양.
 u  x2

 du  2 xdx

1 11 2 3/ 2
z  0 0
y ( u  y  25) dudy
2

r  (0, 0, 5)
1 12

 0 y( u  y  25)
2 5
2

5/ 2 1
0 dy

1 1
 0 y[( y 2  26)5 / 2  ( y 2  25)5 / 2 ]dy
5
1  u  y2

dS  du  2 ydy
y 

1 r   ( x, y, 0) 1 1
 0 [( u  26)5 / 2  ( u  25)5 / 2 ]du
10
x

1 2
10 7

( u  26) 7/2
 ( u  25) 
7/2 1
0


1
35

277 / 2  267 / 2  267 / 2  257 / 2
 33.15 nC
Ex 4.5  z=0, x=[0,1], y=[0,1] 인 평면의 전하밀도 ρs=xy(x2+y2+25)3/2 nC/m2. 

(b) E at (0,0,5).
 
 SdS r  r 
E  S
4  0 r  r  3
 
r  r   (0, 0, 5)  ( x , y, 0)  (  x,  y, 5)
9 2 2 3/ 2   
1 1 10 xy( x  y  25) (  xa x  ya x  5a z )
 0 0 9 2 2 3/ 2
dxdy
10 ( x  y  25)
4 z
36
1 1    
 9 0 0 xy(  xa x  ya x  5a z )dxdy r  (0, 0, 5)

 ( 1.5,  1.5, 11 .25) V / m

1
(c) (0,0,5) 에서 -1mC  전하가 받는 
dS y
힘 . QE  (1.5, 1.5,  11 .25) mN 1 r   ( x, y, 0)

x
Ex 4.6   면전하 10 nC/m2 (x=2)
면전하 15 nC/m2 (y=-3)
선전하 10π nC/m (x=0, z=2)    (1,1,-1) 에서의 전장의 세기는 ?
 S 
Infinite Plane : E  an (4.26)
 S1  108  20
E1   ax     180  a x
2 0 109  L 
2 Infinite Line : E  a  (4.21)
36 20
 S2  1.5  108 
E2  ay   270 a y z
20 109
2
36 10 nC / m z2 (0, 1, 2)
 L 
E3  a 15 nC / m 2
20 S2   10
  y  3
10  109   3a z  a x 
 9   y
10  10  S1
2 10 x2
36 (1, 1,  1)
 
 18(a x  3a z )
x 10 nC / m 2
 S1  108 
E1   ax     180  a x
20 109    
2
36 E  E1  E 2  E 3
  
 S2  1.5  108   162a x  270a y  54a z V / m
E2  ay  9
 270 a y
20 10
2
36
 L  z
E3  a
20
10 nC / m z2 (0, 1, 2)
 
10  109   3a z  a x 
  
10 9  10  S2 15 nC / m 2
2 10   10
36 y  3
  y
 18(a x  3a z )
S1
x2 (1, 1,  1)
x 10 nC / m 2
 Electric Flux Density
 
D   0 E [C/m 2 ] (4.35)

 
   D  dS [C ] (4.36)

  v dv 
D a
2 R
(4.38)
4R

Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 20 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.

 Ex 4.7 (4,0,0) 에 -5π mC  전하가 있고
     (x=0,z=0) 인 Line 에 3π mC/m  선전하가 있다 . (4,0,3) 에서
는?
  
D  DQ  D L

 
 Q( r  r )  5(0, 0, 3) 2
DQ    3  3
 ( 0, 0,  0 . 138) mC / m
4 r  r  4 (0, 0, 3)

   
D L  L a  (Infinite Line) a z
2
 (4, 0, 3) 1 
a   (4, 0, 3) r  (4, 0, 3)
(4, 0, 3) 5  L  3 mC / m
3 1 y
 (4, 0, 3)
2  5 5 4
2 Q  5 mC
 (0.24, 0, 0.18) mC / m x
  
D  DQ  D L  (240, 0, 42) C / m 2
 Discussions

Electromagnetics I Spring 2018 Lecture 6, Slide 22 Prof. JD Park, Dongguk Univ.