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Resource
Resource Directory
Resource Directory (RD) maintains information and values
for each resource-type.
A resource of a resource-type accessed from an RD using a
URI for that resource.
Object
A collection of resources, for example, collection of data and methods
(also called functions; procedures) to operate on that data.
Example: Time_Date object with second, minutes, hour, day, month,
and year fields and update methods (field means a memory address
for the value)
Object Instance
Can be just one for an object which is instance of a Class as in Java
An example of object instance is weather report object for reporting
the rains.
Multiple Object instances
Java uses concept of class
Class creates one or more object- instances
JavaScript creates multiple object instances from an object itself
URI (Universal Resource Identifier)
Examples
sensorNetwork_J/sensorID_N/ temperature for a temperature
value
The value is at a resource directory sensorNetwork_J for a
sensor network
Identifies the stored sensors data for a sensor of the id
sensorID_N.
URL
Data transfer formats between client and server: Binary and has TLV
(Tag Length Value) or JSON (Java Script Object Notation) batches of
objects arrays or resource arrays or MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions) Type file
Protocol
Registration Update
Updating registrations for one or more end-points or devices
or nodes
Also includes unregistering for one or more end-points.
Polling or Observing
Finding from where new messages available
A Polling method client uses REST architecture GET method and server
uses POST method.
Created by IBM
The objects communicating using the Connected devices
network protocols, such as ZigBee.
Web objects also using MQTT library functions and
communicate using IP network and SSL and TLS security
protocols
MQTT Features
Constrained environment protocol,
PubSub messaging architecture in place of request-response
client-server architecture
publisher (message sender at the device domain or web
object at network and application domain) sending the
messages on a topic
Extensible Mark up Language (XML)
An open source popular language which uses the markups
Markup means marking by some signs and characters or
tags so specify the contents between the markups.
Markup can be at the beginning as well as end of the
contents within. Each markup in XML language has text
within a pair of tag and end-tag.
For eaxmple, <Contact_Name> Raj Kamal </Contact_Name)
Enables communication
Interoperable, for example, Google Talk.
XMPP enables IMs (Instant Messaging) between many using
presence notification and Chat features
Extensible
Also used for APIs for the web services and SOA (service-
oriented architecture)
REST (Representational State Transfer)
Cacheability Scalability
• Clients or intermediate Ability to support greater
layers can cache the number of interactions
responses among components and
• Server Responses must greater number of
therefore be implicitly components
or explicitly, define
themselves as
cacheable, or not
REST Feature of usages
… of Intermediate
… of Layered System system(s)
A client can connect Client may not ordinarily
through intermediate be made aware whether it
(proxy or firewall or is connected directly to the
Gateway intermediary end server
server) layers enables assistance in
REST enables intermediate transcoding and different
layer processing by protocols at two ends.
constraining messages to Improves performance
be self-descriptive
when using bigger scales
interaction.
and shared caches.
REST Feature of Simplicity of Interfaces
1. Modifiability of components enables the changes according
to the needs, even while an App is running,
2. Visibility of communication between components by service
agents,
3. Portability of components by moving the objects, Object
means program code with the data
4. Reliability is the resistance to failure at the system level in
the presence of failures within data elements, components
or connectors,
Formal REST Constraint of Uniform
Interfaces
Identification of individual resources, identified in requests, for
example, using URIs in web-based REST systems,
Separation of concerns which means Client–server interactions are
such that a uniform interface separates clients from servers.
Small header size (2 Byte) [Over 500 Byte for HTTP request and
response headers]