HYPERTHERMIA &

HYPOTHERMIA
HYPERTHERMIA
 A condition where the body produces or
absorbs heat more than it can dissipate
 May be caused by:
• Increase in air temperature
• Solar or reflected radiation
• Poor ventilation in clothing
• Low fitness level
• Excess bulk or reduced ratio of skin area
to body mass
HEAT CRAMPS
 Usually happen during heavy
activity in hot environments
 Painful, involuntary muscle
spasms (more intense than the
typical nighttime leg cramp)
 Happens when the muscles
accumulate excessive lactic acid
or a loss of fluid and electrolyte
through perspiration
HEAT CRAMPS
WHAT MUST BE DONE?
 Cool down and replenish loss
electrolyte through clear sports drink
 Gently stretch and massage affected
muscle group
 Do not resume the strenuous activity
and rest until cramps go away
 Take salt pill with water at the start of
specific muscle pain
HEAT EXHAUSTION
 When water is insufficient for the
body’s demand in a particular outdoor
activity, the body becomes dehydrated
and salt-depleted
 Results in:
• Nausea
• Faintness
• Weak rapid pulse
• Cold and sweaty skin
 First aid similar to what is
administered in case of heat cramps
HEAT STROKE
 Most serious degree of hyperthermia
 Emergency should be sought when
the person:
• Losses consciousness
• Becomes disoriented
• Pulse rate suddenly becomes fast
• Seizures
• Has warm, red, dry skin, and body
temperature above 103℉
• Reduced sweating
HEAT STROKE
FIRST AID (while help is on the way):
o Remove the person from heat exposure
and cool him/her by whatever means
available. Fan air to increase cooling
o Do not give the person anything to drink
if the person is not alert or vomiting
o Treat the symptoms.
 If with seizures, keep the person
safe from injury.
 If vomiting, turn the person on the
side to keep airway open.
HYP0THERMIA
 Occurs when the body chills faster than
the body’s ability to produce heat due to
exposure to cold, wet, and/or windy
weather
 Not taking enough energy-producing food
and not having proper clothing speeds up
hypothermia.
 Generally occurs in temperatures of less
than 35℃
HYP0THERMIA
 Symptoms include:
• Numbness
• Uncontrollable shivering that muscles
begin to stiffen and become
uncoordinated
• Skin turns bluish
• Pulse and respiration slow down
• Victim does not respond or becomes
unconscious
HYP0THERMIA
 Emergency should be sought when the
person:
• Shows confusion, memory loss, or
slurred speech
• Body temperature drops below 35℃
(95℉)
• Loss of consciousness
• Shallow breathing
HYP0THERMIA
FIRST AID (must be administered quickly)
o Move the person to a sheltered area and
restore warmth slowly
o Remove wet clothes and replace with dry
clothes
o Wrap with blankets or sleeping bag
o Exhale warm air near the vicinity of the
patient’s mouth and nose
HYP0THERMIA
FIRST AID (must be administered quickly)
o Note that rapid warming can cause heart
arrhythmia so it is advised not to immerse
the person in warm water.
 Warm person’s trunk first – not the
hands and feet – as warming
extremities first can cause shock
HYP0THERMIA

FIRST AID (must be administered quickly)

o Find ways for the victim to stay conscious
o Begin CPR if necessary and continue until
emergency personnel arrive
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