Ecology and

Sustainable
Development in
Global Business
Nathasya Marisi
Magister Akuntansi – Trisakti University
 Key Learning Objectives
⊷ Defining sustainable development
⊷ Understanding the obstacles to developing the world’s economy
to meet the needs of the present without hurting future
generations
⊷ Assessing the major threats to the earth’s ecosystem.
⊷ Recognizing the ways in which population growth, inequality, and
industrialization have accelerated the world’s ecological crisis
⊷ Examining common environmental issues that are shared by all
nations
⊷ Analyzing the steps the global business community can take to
reduce ecological damage and promote sustainable development
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1. Ecological
Challenges
 Ecological Challenges
Ecology Global Commons
⊷ The study of how living ⊷ A commons is a shared
things – plants and resource that a group of
animals – interact with people uses collectively
one another in an ⊷ Paradox that if all
ecosystem individuals maximize their
⊷ By some measures the own advantage in short
demands of human term, commons will be
society have already destroyed
exceeded the carrying
capacity of the earth’s
ecosystem
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 Ecological Challenges
Preserving our common ecosystem and assuring its continued use
is a new imperative for business, government, and society

Sustainable development
⊷ Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs
⊷ Protecting the environment will require economic development
⊷ Economic development must be accomplished sustainably
⊷ Accomplishing both involves a paradox

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 Threats to the Earth’s Ecosystem
Sustainable development requires that human society use natural resources at a
rate that can be continued over an indefinite period
⊷ Renewable resources (water, forests) can be naturally replenished
⊷ Nonrenewable resources (fossils fuels like oil, coal) once used are gone forever

Examples of threats

Water Resources Fossil Fuels Arable Land

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 Forces of Change Accelerating
Ecological Crisis
Population Explosion

2018
World Population in 2019
by www.worldometers.com

7.714.576.923 people

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 Forces of Change Accelerating
Ecological Crisis
Industrialization
⊷ Parts of the third world are industrializing at a rapid pace, which is a
positive trend for reducing poverty and slowing population growth
⊷ This economic development, however, has also contributed to the
ecological crisis

Example of China:
Dramatic industrial
development, yet
significantly
increased pollution

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 Limits to Growth
The world resource base is essentially finite, or bounded
1. Earth’s ecosystem has limited carrying capacity
2. One way of measuring is Ecological footprint..

Limits to growth hypothesis suggests human society is

overshooting earth’s carrying capacity, with drastic
consequences if changes are not made

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 2. Global
Enviromental Issue

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 Global Environmental Issues
Ozone depletion
• Chlorofluorocarbons react with, destroy the ozone layer
• 1985 - scientists discovered a thin spot, or hole, in the
ozone layer over Antarctica
• 1987 - a group of nations negotiated the Montreal
Protocol, agreeing to cut CFC production, agreement
later amended to ban CFCs
• As of 2006, 189 countries had signed the protocol
• The protective layer will gradually recover if regulatory
trends continue
• Example of world governments coming together to
address an environmental threat
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 Ozone Depletion

Sumber : www.seratusinstitute.com
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 Global Environmental Issues
Global warming
• Greenhouse effect occurs when carbon dioxide and
other gases in the atmosphere prevent heat from
escaping into space
• Since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased by as
much as 25%
• Caused mainly by the burning of fossil fuels such as oil
and natural gas
• If societal emissions of these gases continue to grow
unchecked, the earth could warm by as much as 6
degrees Celsius by 2100
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 Causes of Global Warming
Burning of fossil fuels
• Releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and is the
leading contributor of global warming
Deforestation
• Trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide and remove it from
the atmosphere; therefore cutting down trees contributesto
global warming
Beef production
• Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is produced as a by-
product of the digestion of some animals, including cows
CFCs
• Destroy the ozone and are also considered greenhouse
gases
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 Global Environmental Issues

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 Our process is easy
03 Vestibulum
congue
Vestibulum tempus
congue
tempus

01 02
Vestibulum
congue
tempus

16
 “ Quotations are commonly
printed as a means of
inspiration and to invoke
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Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of Is the colour of the Is the color of
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Vestibulum congue

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 Let’s review some
concepts
Yellow Blue Red
Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the and because of this it
lemons. In the deep sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is found green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
between green and spectrum. courage.
orange.

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of gold, Is the colour of the Is the color of blood,
butter and ripe clear sky and the and because of this it
lemons. In the deep sea. It is located has historically been
spectrum of visible between violet and associated with
light, yellow is found green on the optical sacrifice, danger and
between green and spectrum. courage.
orange.

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